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. 2021 Apr 7;11:7672. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87375-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) (A) First left upper molar surrounded by a ligature wire and Niti spring and anchored in the upper incisor teeth. (B) Schematic model of the roots of the rat's left upper first molar. (C) Photomicrograph of the roots of the rat's left upper first molar. Five roots (MV, DV, INT, MP and DP) of the maxillary first molar; cross section. Dashed line highlights the DV root, chosen for histomorphometric evaluations. The arrow indicates the direction of the applied force. Bar indicates 500 µm, HE, ×40.