Table 2.
Demographic and lifestyle factors of patients with gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer
| Demographic and lifestyle factors | Gastric cancer (n=173, %) | Pancreatic cancer (n=101, %) | Control (n=314, %) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.853 | |||
| Male | 107 (61.8%) | 59 (58.4%) | 191 (60.8%) | |
| Female | 66 (38.2%) | 42 (41.6%) | 123 (39.2%) | |
| Pre-diagnosis BMI categories | 0.163 | |||
| <18.5 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 6 (2.1%) | |
| 18.5~24.9 | 29 (18.6%) | 16 (16.8%) | 73 (25.9%) | |
| 25.0~29.9 | 63 (40.4%) | 39 (41.1%) | 97 (34.4%) | |
| >30.0 | 64 (41.0%) | 39 (41.1%) | 106 (37.6%) | |
| Missing1) | 17 | 6 | 32 | |
| Current BMI categories | 0.001 | |||
| <18.5 | 9 (5.8%) | 6 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| 18.5~24.9 | 89 (57.1%) | 51 (52.6%) | 85 (27.8%) | |
| 25.0~29.9 | 30 (19.2%) | 21 (21.6%) | 108 (35.3%) | |
| >30.0 | 28 (17.9%) | 19 (19.6%) | 113 (36.9%) | |
| Missing | 17 | 4 | 8 | |
| Cancer stages | 0.001 | |||
| No cancer | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 314 (100.0%) | |
| Stage 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Stage 2 | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Stage 3 | 43 (30.7%) | 21 (23.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Stage 4 | 95 (67.9%) | 65 (73.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Missing | 33 | 13 | 0 | |
| Marital status | 0.714 | |||
| Married | 148 (85.5%) | 87 (86.1%) | 273 (86.9%) | |
| Single | 8 (4.6%) | 5 (5.0%) | 20 (6.4%) | |
| Divorced | 3 (1.7%) | 3 (3.0%) | 7 (2.2%) | |
| Widowed | 14 (8.1%) | 6 (5.9%) | 14 (4.5%) | |
| Education level | 0.348 | |||
| Illiterate | 10 (5.8%) | 7 (6.9%) | 18 (5.8%) | |
| Less than high school | 54 (31.4%) | 24 (23.8%) | 80 (25.6%) | |
| High school | 43 (25.0%) | 14 (13.9%) | 72 (23.0%) | |
| Diploma | 25 (14.5%) | 18 (17.8%) | 56 (17.9%) | |
| Bachelor | 34 (19.8%) | 30 (29.7%) | 71 (22.7%) | |
| Master’s degree | 4 (2.3%) | 5 (5.0%) | 13 (4.2%) | |
| Doctorate degree | 2 (1.2%) | 3 (3.0%) | 3 (1.0%) | |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Employment status | 0.778 | |||
| Yes | 82 (47.7%) | 45 (45.0%) | 153 (49.0%) | |
| No | 90 (52.3%) | 55 (55.0%) | 159 (51.0%) | |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Smoking status | 0.001 | |||
| Total number of the smokers | 90 (52.0%) | 47 (46.5%) | 124 (39.5%) | |
| Current smoker | 56 (32.4%) | 38 (37.6%) | 99 (31.5%) | |
| Previous smoker | 23 (13.3%) | 3 (3.0%) | 13 (4.1%) | |
| Passive smoker | 11 (6.3%) | 6 (5.9%) | 12 (3.8%) | |
| Non-smoker | 83 (48.0%) | 54 (53.5%) | 190 (60.5%) | |
| Number of cigarettes/d | 0.467 | |||
| <1 | 95 (56.2%) | 60 (60.0%) | 206 (65.6%) | |
| 2~5 | 6 (3.6%) | 3 (3.0%) | 12 (3.8%) | |
| 6~10 | 5 (3.0%) | 3 (3.0%) | 12 (3.8%) | |
| 11~20 | 23 (13.6%) | 17 (17.0%) | 42 (13.4%) | |
| 21~40 | 28 (16.6%) | 12 (12.0%) | 29 (9.2%) | |
| >41 | 12 (7.1%) | 5 (5.0%) | 13 (4.1%) | |
| Missing | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| Hookah | 0.428 | |||
| Smoker | 7 (4.0%) | 6 (5.9%) | 27 (8.6%) | |
| Non-smoker | 163 (94.2%) | 93 (92.1%) | 282 (89.8%) | |
| Previous smoker | 3 (1.7%) | 2 (2.0%) | 5 (1.6%) | |
| Hookah smoking/d | 0.381 | |||
| 0 | 163 (97.6%) | 93 (93.9%) | 284 (93.7%) | |
| 1 | 3 (1.8%) | 5 (5.1%) | 13 (4.3%) | |
| ≥2 | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 6 (2.0%) | |
| Missing | 6 | 2 | 11 | |
| Health problem | 0.195 | |||
| No | 95 (54.9%) | 45 (44.6%) | 151 (48.1%) | |
| Yes | 78 (45.1%) | 56 (55.4%) | 163 (51.9%) | |
| Type of health problem | 0.004 | |||
| No | 95 (54.9%) | 45 (44.6%) | 151 (48.1%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 (19.1%) | 36 (35.6%) | 81 (25.8%) | |
| Heart | 10 (5.8%) | 10 (9.9%) | 19 (6.1%) | |
| Hypertension | 30 (17.3%) | 9 (8.9%) | 40 (12.7%) | |
| Other | 5 (2.9%) | 1 (1.0%) | 23 (7.3%) | |
| Family history of cancer | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 84 (48.6%) | 49 (48.5%) | 100 (31.8%) | |
| No | 89 (51.4%) | 52 (51.5%) | 214 (68.2%) | |
| Cancer type for patient’s family | 0.001 | |||
| Absent | 89 (51.4%) | 52 (51.5%) | 214 (68.2%) | |
| Gastric | 7 (9.8%) | 4 (4.0%) | 10 (3.2%) | |
| Colon and/or rectal | 9 (5.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | 13 (4.1%) | |
| Pancreatic | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (3.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | |
| Bone cancer | 4 (2.3%) | 3 (3.0%) | 6 (1.9%) | |
| Lung | 5 (2.9%) | 6 (5.9%) | 11 (3.5%) | |
| Leukaemia | 3 (1.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 10 (3.2%) | |
| Breast | 16 (9.2%) | 7 (6.9%) | 13 (4.1%) | |
| Liver | 6 (3.5%) | 4 (4.0%) | 5 (1.6%) | |
| Prostate | 2 (1.2%) | 6 (5.9%) | 4 (1.3%) | |
| Other | 21 (12.1%) | 14 (13.9%) | 27 (8.6%) | |
| Missing | 39 | 24 | 36 | |
| Stomach pain | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 49 (28.3%) | 9 (9.0%) | 14 (4.5%) | |
| No | 124 (71.7%) | 91 (91.0%) | 300 (95.5%) | |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Stomach ulcer | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 77 (44.8%) | 13 (13.0%) | 5 (1.6%) | |
| No | 95 (55.2%) | 87 (87.0%) | 309 (98.4%) | |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Physical activity levels2) | 0.001 | |||
| Inactive | 50 (29.1%) | 26 (26.0%) | 46 (14.6%) | |
| Minimally active | 122 (70.9%) | 73 (73.0%) | 251 (79.9%) | |
| HEPA active | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.0%) | 17 (5.4%) | |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 0 |
1)The response base differs as some cases had either irrelevant responses or no response at all.
2)Inactive: not fitting in "minimally active [at least 600 metabolic equivalents (MET)-min/week]" or "HEPA active (more than 3,000 MET-min/week)".