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JPYS formula suppresses inflammation in CKD rats. (A) IHC staining of CD68 in the kidney (×200, scale bar = 100 μm). CD68-positive areas are indicated by arrows. (B) Quantification of CD68 density. Relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α (C), IL-1β (D), IκBα (E), NF-κB p65 (F), iNOS (G), MCP-1 (H), CXCL-1, (I) and COX-2 (J). All data are expressed as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. the sham group; #p < 0.05 vs. CKD group.
