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. 2021 Mar 25;12:624360. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624360

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Liu, Zhong, Zheng, Li, Guo, Zhang, Ran, Zhao, Zhou and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RIP3-mediated activation and infiltration of liver macrophages requires gut commensal microbiota. (A, B) Bacterial OUT heatmap (A) and Venn diagrams (B) in the CTRL group (n=4), EAH group (n=6) and Abx group (n=6). (C) The community richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were evaluated with Chao1 and Shannon indexes. (D) HE staining of the liver tissue from three groups. (E) The plasma concentrations of ALT and AST of three groups. (F)The plasma concentrations of FITC-D and LPS of three groups. (G–I) RT-qPCR analysis of RIP3 and MLKL (G) TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (H) CCL2 and CCR2 (I) in three groups. Scale bars: 100μm. The data were presented as means ± SD (Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns: p > 0.05).