FIGURE 2.

Synthesis of foreign lipids in E. coli. The native pathways in E. coli noted in blue are detailed in Figure 1. The enzymes with their respective genes named catalyze the following steps for synthesis of foreign phospholipids in E. coli noted in red: (1) phosphatidylcholine synthase [Legionella pneumophila (Conover et al., 2008; Bogdanov et al., 2010a)]; (2) phosphatidylinositol synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Xia and Dowhan, 1995b)]; (3) glucosyl diacylglycerol synthase [Acholeplasma laidlawii (Xie et al., 2006)]; (4) diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase [Acholeplasma laidlawii (Wikström et al., 2009)]; (5) lysyl t-RNA phosphatidylglycerol lysine transferase [Staphylococcus aureus (Oku et al., 2004)]. Figure (modified) and legend reprinted by permission from Elsevier (Dowhan, 2013): Copyright 2013.