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. 2021 Mar 25;11:629666. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629666

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Copyright © 2021 Dong, Wang, Shen and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic syndrome and its molecular changes related to the risk of breast cancer. Obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia are the main components of metabolic syndrome and are all significantly related to the risk of breast cancer. Obesity increases fibroblasts, T cells, macrophages, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and decreases adiponectin. Diabetes is characterized by upregulation of insulin and IGF-1 and downregulation of SHBG and IGFBP. Hypertension is associated with increased ANG II and sodium and decreased calcium. Dyslipidemia leads to high levels of TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL and low levels of HDL. Changes in the expression of these key molecules are correlated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. (‘the blue arrow’ means increase and ‘the red arrow’ means decrease).