Figure 3.

Glucose homeostasis is perturbed in Exoc5 skeletal muscle knockout animals.A, Exoc5-SMKO and CTRL animals were fasted overnight, and fasting blood glucose concentrations were measured via tail bleed. B, six-hour fasting insulin levels were measured in Exoc5-SMKO and control littermate animals using serum samples and an ELISA assay. C, representative images of pancreatic islet immunofluorescent staining (left panel) and quantification of islet size in Exoc5-SMKO and CTRL mice (right panel). White scale bars, 20 μm. D and E, for the glucose tolerance testing, blood glucose concentrations were measured at 30-min intervals following an intraperitoneal bolus of glucose (1 mg/kg). F, quantification of area under the curve for data shown in D and E. G and H, prior to insulin tolerance testing, 4- to 5-month-old Exoc5-SMKO and CTRL mice were fasted for 6 h and blood glucose levels were measured by tail bleed. Following fasting glucose measurement, an intraperitoneal injection of insulin was administered (1 U/kg). Blood glucose was measured at baseline and every 30 min for 2 h by tail blood sampling. I, area under the curve calculations for data presented in G and H. J, Western blots (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of insulin signaling pathway component Akt in Exoc5-SMKO and CTRL following insulin injection. Error bars = standard deviation, ∗p ≤ 0.05; ∗∗p ≤ 0.01.