Figure 4.

Exoc5-SMKO male mice have reduced skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose turnover during hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp.A and B, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to quantify whole-body lean and fat mass in male Exoc5-SMKO and control animals. C–F, hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp was performed in awake mice to assess whole-body glucose turnover (C), whole-body glycogen synthesis (D), whole-body glycolysis (E), hepatic insulin action (insulin-mediated percent suppression of basal hepatic glucose production) (F), in Exoc5-SMKO and control males. G and H, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) (G) and white adipose tissue (epididymal) (H) was determined following a bolus injection of 2-[¹⁴C] deoxy-glucose during clamp). I, immunofluorescent staining of skeletal muscle tissues of insulin-injected animals. GLUT4 vesicles are in red and dystrophin is labeled in green in Exoc5-SMKO male and female littermate controls. White scale bars, 5 μm. Error bars = standard deviation, ∗p ≤ 0.05.