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. 2021 Mar 6;49:101205. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101205

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The direct effect of tOC/ucOC on vascular function in in vitro and ex vivo and the association of OC with vascular function in humans. ↔ No effect of tOC/ucOC on vascular function, ↓ Beneficial effect of tOC/ucOC on vascular function, ↑ Adverse effect of tOC/ucOC on vascular function. Created with BioRender.com; Abbreviations - Akt: protein kinase b, BAFMD: brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, ECs: endothelial cells, eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, ET-1: endothelin 1, ICAM-1: intracellular adhesion molecular 1, IL-6: interleukin 6, IL-8: interleukin 8, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, NT: nitrotyrosine, PWV: pulse wave velocity, SMCs: smooth muscle cells, ucOC: undercarboxylated osteocalcin, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VRI: vascular reactivity index.