Table 1.
Association of OC with blood vessel function and stiffness in humans.
| First Author, Year (Ref) | Participant characteristics (men/women) | Measurement of vascular function and OC | Results | Association of OC with blood vessel function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chi, 2019 [27] |
n: 62 (21/41) Age: 56 Health Status: ESRD on peritoneal dialysis |
Vascular: PWV tOC: ELISA |
Higher tOC associated with higher PWV | ↑ |
| Kanazawa, 2009 [21] |
n: 328 (179/149 PM) Age: 65 - 67 Health status: T2DM |
Vascular: PWV tOC: RIA |
Higher tOC associated with lower PWV in men No association in women |
↓,↔ |
| Lin, 2020 [24] |
n: 68 (34/34) Age: 47 Health status: Kidney transplant |
Vascular: VRI tOC: ELISA |
Higher tOC associated with lower VRI | ↑ |
| Millar, 2020 [20] |
n: 48 (28/20) Age: 76 Health status: CKD and controls |
Vascular: PWV tOC: Multiplex assay |
No association between tOC and PWV in those with CKD or controls | ↔ |
| Sumino, 2007 [22] |
n: 85 PM women Age: 58 Health status: Community dwelling |
Vascular: BAFMD tOC: IRMA |
No association between tOC and BAFMD | ↔ |
| Tacey, 2020 [25] |
n: 38 (12/26 PM) Age: 73 Health status: Community dwelling |
Vascular: BAFMD, PWV tOC: ECLIA ucOC: hydroxyapatite binding |
Higher ucOC associated with lower PWV when unadjusted but not after adjustment for confounding variables No association between ucOC and BAFMD and no association of tOC with PWV or BAFMD |
↔ |
| Tacey, 2020 [26] |
n: 30 (20/10) Age: 62 Health status: Mild hypertension ∗Participants fed high vit K diet for 4-weeks |
Vascular: PWV tOC: ECLIA ucOC & cOC: hydroxyapatite binding |
The reduction in tOC and ucOC by the 4-week high vit K diet did not influence PWV | ↔ |
| Yun, 2016 [23] |
n: 3,604 (1,691/1,913) Age: 51 Health status: Community dwelling |
Vascular: PWV tOC: ECLIA |
Higher tOC associated with lower PWV in men Higher tOC associated with higher PWV in women when unadjusted but no association after adjustment for confounding variables |
↓,↔ |
Association of OC with endothelial function and atherosclerosis outcomes:↑: higher OC associated with adverse vascular function, ↓: higher OC associated with beneficial vascular function, ↔: no correlation between OC and vascular function.
Abbreviations - BAFMD: brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, CKD: chronic kidney disease, ECLIA: electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ESRD: end stage renal disease, IRMA: immunoradiometric assay, OC: osteocalcin, PM: post-menopausal, PWV: pulse wave velocity, RIA: radioimmunoassay, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus, tOC: total osteocalcin, ucOC: undercarboxylated osteocalcin, Vit K: vitamin K, VRI: vascular reactivity index