Fig. 4.

The antibodies could be applied to recognize proteins other than the antigens against which they were raised.A, the multispecific nature of antibodies. Usually, an antibody is generated through animal immunization with an antigen of interest. The antibody can recognize a specific epitope or mimotope, and this epitope/mimotope exists in a variety of proteins in nature. B, the epitopes revealed through AbMap from the 202 mAbs match to many proteins. C and D, western blotting of human (C) and E. coli (D) proteins using the matched mAbs. E, ELISA using a pair of Abs matched to different positions of the same protein.