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. 2021 Apr 7;11:7662. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87361-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Salvage pathway for NAD⁺ biosynthesis involving NMN and NR in RD012353. npdA involved in a pathway indicated by dotted arrow was pseudogenized by a 136-bp deletion in the gene. Enzymes in the figure are as follows: IunH, purine nucleosidase; NadE, NAD synthase; NadR, bifunctional NAD biosynthesis protein; NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; PncB, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase; NpdA, NAD-dependent deacetylase; YjjG, 5′-nucleotidase. Compounds in the figure are as follows: NA, nicotinic acid; NaAD, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide; NaMN, nicotinic acid mononucleotide; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide; NR, nicotinamide riboside.