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. 2020 Nov 11;15(3):921–937. doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-00822-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — The Illumina generated 41.8 Gbps moss metagenome from the Pirker Waldhochmoor, Austria (N46°37′38.66″, E14°26′5.66″), was aligned against the CARD sequences. a The five major resistance mechanisms presented by their relative abundance within the moss resistome. b For a selected group of antibiotic classes, the extent of efflux pump mediated and non-efflux pump mediated resistance is compared. Abundance within the metagenome is given in absolute numbers by the ARAI in ppm (≙reads per million reads), while the abundance within antibiotic classes is given as proportion in percent. c All detected non-efflux pump related ARGs grouped according to antibiotic classes. Each bubble represents one determinant with absolute abundance within the metagenome reflected by bubble size. The most abundant determinants are labelled with the gene names. MLb macrolide and lincosamide. MSLb, MLb and streptogramin. MSLb+, MSLb and oxazolidione, pleuromutilin and phenicol. CARD Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, ARAI Antibiotic Resistance Abundance Index.