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. 2020 Nov 2;126(2):219–234. doi: 10.1038/s41437-020-00380-y

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Genetics Society 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Circles designate chemical compounds, rectangles the corresponding enzymes catalyzing their transitions. Enzymes are numbered from 1 to 10 according to their hypothesized order in the pathway, and asterisks correspond to the respective number of characterized genes whose depicted function has been empirically demonstrated through targeted knockdown studies listed in Table 1. Reactions and interactions in the CHC biosynthesis pathway that are not completely understood are marked with dashed arrows and question marks. Acetyl-CoA as the initial reactant of CHC biosynthesis is mainly provided by the citric acid cycle. Note that the distinction between microsomal and cytosolic fatty acid synthase is hypothetical and has not yet been unambiguously confirmed. Abbreviations: CoA: Coenzyme A, ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase, MCD: malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, LaAT: lipoamide acyltransferase, LCF(A): long-chain fatty (acid), VLC(F): very-long chain (fatty), mb: methyl-branched, un: unsaturated. Figure adapted and synthesized from Howard and Blomquist (2005), Blomquist and Bagnères (2010), Chung and Carroll (2015), Ginzel and Blomquist (2016).