Table 2.

Nucleic acid detection platforms based on CRISPR‐Cas systems

CRISPR‐Cas system	Platform	Effector	Nucleic Acid Target	Signal Amplification Method	Fluorescent Signal	Applications	References
Cas13	SHERLOCK	LwCas13a	DNA/RNA	RPA	FAM	Virus detection, human DNA genotyping, cancer mutations	Gootenberg et al. (2017)
	SHERLOCKV2	CcaCas13b PsmCas13b LwaCas13a	DNA/RNA	RPA	FAM,TEX, Cy5,HEX	Multiple analyte detection (up to four targets)	Myhrvold et al. (2018)
	SHERLOCK + HUDSON	LwCas13a	DNA/RNA	RPA	FAM	Identify the virus directly from body fluids	Gootenberg and Abudayyeh (2018)
	CARMEN	Cas13a		PCR or RPA	Fluorescence microscopy	Multiplexed pathogen detection; more than 4,500 crRNA–target pairs on a single array	Ackerman et al. (2020)
Cas 12	DETECTOR	LbCas12a	DNA	RPA	FAM	SNP detection	Liang et al. (2019)
	HOLMES	LbCas12a	DNA/RNA	PCR; RT-PCR	HEX	Virus genotyping and human	Harrington et al. (2018)
	HOLMESv2	AacCas12b	DNA/RNA	LAMP; RT-LAMP; Asymmetric PCR	HEX,FAM	SNP detection	Li et al. (2019)
Cas14	DETECTOR	Cas14a	DNA/RNA	RPA	λex: 485 nm; λem: 535 nm	SNP identification	Aquino-Jarquin (2019)
Cas9	CAS-EXPAR	SpCas9	DNA/RNA	EXPAR	SYBR Green I	SNP genotype discrimination	Huang and Zhou (2018)
	NASBACC	SpCas9	RNA	NASBA	Luciferase	Virus detection	Pardee et al. (2016)