Figure 3.

Metformin attenuates the renal inflammatory response in the kidneys of db/db mice. (A) Representative western blots and quantitative assessment of (B) p65, (C) IL-1β and (D) TNF-α in mouse kidney specimens. mRNA expression levels of (E) IL-1β and (F) TNF-α were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n=8). ^**P<0.01 vs. Con; ^#P<0.05 vs. db/db group. Con, control; db/db, diabetic/dyslipidemic; Met, metformin; P, phosphorylated.