Table I.
Clinical characteristics of the control and hypertension groups.
| Characteristics | Normal range | Control (n=40) | Hypertension (n=70) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | - | 53.2±10.2 | 56.2±11.5 | 0.1735 |
| Male sex | - | 25 (62.5) | 40 (50.0) | 0.6877 |
| Smoking | - | 13 (32.5) | 45 (64.3) | 0.0016 |
| Drinking | - | 9 (22.5) | 20 (28.6) | 0.6533 |
| Obesity | - | 14 (35.0) | 30 (42.9) | 0.5433 |
| T2DM | - | 3 (7.5) | 4 (5.7) | 0.7033 |
| HLP | - | 10 (25.0) | 20 (28.6) | 0.8246 |
| CAP | - | 2 (5.0) | 13 (18.6) | 0.0800 |
| HR (bpm) | 60-100 | 72.5±10.6 | 75.3±12.1 | 0.2252 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 90-140 | 119±13 | 155±26 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 60-90 | 76±12 | 95±19 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20-25 | 23.2±3.5 | 23.6±3.6 | 0.5724 |
| Glu (mmol/l) | 3.5-6.1 | 4.6±0.6 | 4.7±0.6 | 0.4023 |
| HbAlc (%) | 4-6 | 4.8±1.0 | 4.9±1.1 | 0.6366 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 3-5.2 | 4.5±0.8 | 4.7±1.0 | 0.2817 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 0.5-1.7 | 1.1±0.5 | 1.1±0.8 | 0.8724 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 0.9-2.0 | 1.1±0.4 | 1.3±0.7 | 0.3523 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.8-3.1 | 2.2±0.6 | 2.5±0.9 | 0.5262 |
| CREA (µmol/l) | 57-97 | 66±14 | 69±19 | 0.2152 |
| CRP (mg/l) | <5 | 0.6±0.8 | 6.4±4.7 | <0.0001 |
| Hcy (µmol/l) | 0-15 | 10.3±6.4 | 11.1±7.1 | 0.1952 |
| Medical treatments | ||||
| ACEI/ARB | - | 0 (0.0) | 39 (55.7) | <0.0001 |
| β-blocker | - | 0 (0.0) | 23 (32.9) | <0.0001 |
| CCB | - | 0 (0.0) | 51 (72.9) | <0.0001 |
| Diuretics | - | 0 (0.0) | 30 (42.8) | <0.0001 |
| α-blocker | - | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.6) | 0.0845 |
| Statin | - | 4 (10.0) | 36 (51.4) | <0.0001 |
Values are expressed as n (%) or the mean ± standard deviation. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HLP, hyperlipidemia; CAP, carotid atherosclerotic plaque; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; Glu, fasting glucose; HbAlc, hemoglobin a1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CREA, creatinine; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hcy, homocysteine; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker.