. 2021 Mar 25;7(3):e06577. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06577

Table 3.

Effect of 90 days oral administration of AuNPs on biochemical parameters in mice.

Parameter	Male				F value	P value	Degree of freedom
Parameter	Control	AuNPs 0.2 mg/kg	AuNPs 2 mg/kg	AuNPs 20 mg/kg	F value	P value	Degree of freedom
Ca (mg/dL)	13.60 ± 4.20^a	15.11 ± 1.76^a	15.70 ± 2.16^a	13.20 ± 1.40^a	2.03	0.13	38
Glucose (mg/dL)	270.00 ± 88.96^a	265.71 ± 49.95^a	337.78 ± 58.48^a	326.25 ± 80.52^a	2.86	0.05	35
TP (g/dL)	5.40 ± 0.70^b	7.00 ± 1.12^a	7.10 ± 0.99^a	6.30 ± 0.67^a	7.75	0.0004	28
Albumin (g/dL)	2.90 ± 0.74^b	3.78 ± 0.97^a	4.00 ± 0.82^a	3.59 ± 0.86^ab	3.12	0.04	38
Globulin (g/dL)	2.50 ± 1.18^a	3.22 ± 0.97^a	3.10 ± 0.57^a	2.71 ± 0.68^a	1.41	0.26	38
A/G Ratio	1.51 ± 1.02^a	1.30 ± 0.56^a	1.34 ± 0.37^a	1.45 ± 0.63^a	0.19	0.90	38
GOT (U/L)	90.00 ± 37.80^a	141.76 ± 76.27^a	142.50 ± 32.84^a	111.43 ± 68.42^a	1.63	0.21	28
GPT (U/L)	38.00 ± 7.89^b	56.67 ± 10.00^a	48.00 ± 14.76^ab	44.00 ± 18.97^ab	2.70	0.06	38
ALP (U/L)	41.00 ± 19.69^b	62.22 ± 14.81^a	66.00 ± 17.13^a	53.00 ± 17.67^ab	4.01	0.01	38
T-BIL (mg/dL)	0.16 ± 0.10^a	0.21 ± 0.12^a	0.20 ± 0.08^a	0.20 ± 0.10^a	0.46	0.71	38
BUN (mg/dL)	24.00 ± 3.59^b	26.33 ± 4.50^ab	27.70 ± 3.65^a	24.30 ± 3.02^ab	2.22	0.10	38
CREA (mg/dL)	0.23 ± 0.01^a	0.23 ± 0.02^a	0.23 ± 0.02^a	0.23 ± 0.01^a	0.42	0.74	38
Parameter	Female				F value	P value	Degree of freedom
Parameter
Control	AuNPs 0.2 mg/kg	AuNPs 2 mg/kg	AuNPs 20 mg/kg		F value	P value	Degree of freedom
Ca (mg/dL)	12.07 ± 1.38^ab	12.80 ± 1.55^a	11.10 ± 1.85^b	11.00 ± 1.56^b	2.87	0.05	39
Glucose (mg/dL)	270.89 ± 60.39^a	294.44 ± 38.77^a	301.11 ± 47.55^a	264.00 ± 79.17^a	0.19	0.90	39
TP (g/dL)	5.52 ± 0.51^a	6.00 ± 0.67^a	5.70 ± 0.95^a	4.80 ± 0.92^b	4.25	0.01	39
Albumin (g/dL)	3.84 ± 0.59^a	3.90 ± 0.74^a	3.60 ± 0.70^a	2.30 ± 0.78^b	11.32	0.00002	39
Globulin (g/dL)	1.68 ± 0.47^b	2.10 ± 0.32^ab	2.10 ± 0.88^ab	2.50 ± 0.78^a	2.63	0.07	39
A/G Ratio	2.59 ± 1.25^a	1.90 ± 0.46^a	2.13 ± 1.18^a	1.02 ± 0.49^b	5.11	0.004	39
GOT (U/L)	115.50 ± 45.01^a	181.43 ± 92.09^a	121.25 ± 47.64^a	152.50 ± 79.42^a	1.33	0.29	28
GPT (U/L)	41.40 ± 11.63^a	45.00 ± 11.79^a	44.00 ± 8.43^a	48.00 ± 9.19^a	0.69	0.56	39
ALP (U/L)	90.20 ± 24.41^a	84.44 ± 33.58^a	68.89 ± 29.34^a	66.67 ± 25.00^a	1.58	0.21	36
T-BIL (mg/dL)	0.20 ± 0.17^a	0.19 ± 0.09^a	0.14 ± 0.05^a	0.19 ± 0.08^a	0.79	0.51	39
BUN (mg/dL)	21.97 ± 4.27^ab	23.80 ± 3.79^a	19.50 ± 3.34^b	24.10 ± 2.73^a	3.5	0.03	39
CREA (mg/dL)	0.25 ± 0.04^a	0.24 ± 0.01^a	0.24 ± 0.02^a	0.26 ± 0.01^a	1.12	0.35	39

Data were presented as the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Mean values within each column with different labels are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to one-way ANOVA and followed by Tukey's post hoc test.