Fig. 2. Subtypes revealed by HYDRA differ in their neurocognitive profiles.

A Three neurocognitive signatures emerged in depressed youth: High-performing Subtype 1 had preserved cognition, with high accuracy and speed; Impaired Subtype 2 had low accuracy and speed; Impulsive Subtype 3 had high speed but low accuracy. Patterns were largely consistent for all measures of accuracy (B) and speed (C). Horizontal dashed lines reflect the mean. Error bars reflect standard error of the mean. HYDRA Heterogeneity through Discriminative Analysis, ABF abstraction/mental flexibility, ATT attention, WM working memory, VMEM verbal memory, FMEM face memory, SMEM spatial memory, LAN language/verbal reasoning, NVR nonverbal reasoning, SPA spatial reasoning, EID emotion recognition, EDI emotion discrimination, ADI age discrimination, MOT motor, SM sensorimotor.