Effect of chronic intermittent exposure to ethanol vapors on operant ethanol (A–B) and water (C–D) self-administration. Rats were matched for body weight and self-administration of ethanol in the last three sessions before vapor exposure (Baseline (BL) 1, 2, 3). Following 6 weeks of CIE, ethanol-dependent rats showed increased responding for ethanol (A: g/kg; B: lever presses), but not water (C: ml/kg; D: lever presses), compared to Controls. Control and ethanol-dependent rats are depicted in orange and green, respectively. Data represent Mean ± SEM (n = 9–12/group). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. Controls.