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. 2021 Jan 6;18(2):259–268. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00585-5

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to CSI and USTC 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Role of AHR in glioblastoma. Kynurenine in the tumor microenvironment activates AHR in TAMs, promoting expression of CCR2, CD39 and KLF4. CCR2 contributes to the recruitment of TAMs to the tumor microenvironment, CD39 promotes CD8⁺ T-cell dysfunction, and KLF4 together with SOCS2 influences TAM polarization. Notes: (Kyn) kynurenine, (TAM) tumor-associated macrophages