Table 1.
AHR ligands
| Compound | Activity | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) | Agonist | Microbial metabolism |
| 2-(19H-indole-39-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| 2-(Indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,39-diindolylmethane (Ltr-1) | Agonist | Cruciferous vegetables |
| 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin (TCDD) | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM) | Agonist | Cruciferous vegetables |
| 3′4′-Dimethoxyflavone (DMF) | Partial agonist | Anthropogenic |
| 3-Methylcholanthrene | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| 3-Methylindole (Skatole) | Partial agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OHT) | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) | Agonist | Natural amino acid |
| 6-Formylindolo [3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ) | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| 6-Methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (6-MCDF) | Partial agonist | Anthropogenic |
| Baicalin | Antagonist | Scutellaria baicalensis (plant) |
| Beta-naphthoflavone | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| Bilirubin | Agonist | Heme metabolism |
| Biliverdin | Agonist | Heme metabolism |
| CH-22319 | Antagonist | Anthropogenic |
| Cinnabarinic acid (CA) | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| Curcumin | Agonist | Natural pigment |
| Diclofenac | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| Diosmin | Agonist | Citrus fruit peel |
| Gallic acid | Agonist | Diferent plants |
| GNF351 | Antagonist | Anthropogenic |
| Hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid ([12(R)-HETE]) | Agonist | Arachdonic acid metabolism |
| Indigo | Agonist | Indigofera spp (plant) |
| Indirubin | Agonist | Indigofera spp (plant) |
| Indole | Agonist | Diverse natural origen |
| Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) | Agonist | Plant hormone (Indole derivative) |
| Indole-3-acetonitrile (I3ACN) | Agonist | Plant hormone (indole derivative) |
| Indole-3-aldehyde (IAId) | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism by bacterias |
| Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) | Agonist | Cruciferous vegetables |
| Indolo [3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ) | Agonist | Indole-3-carbinol |
| Indoxyl-3-sulfate (I3S) | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| Kynurenic acid (KA) | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| l-Kynurenine (Kyn) | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| Laquinimod | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| Lipoxin A4 | Agonist | Arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Malassezin | Agonist | Malassezia furfur (fungi) |
| 3′-methoxy-4′- nitroflavone (MNF) | Antagonist | Shynthetic falvone derivative |
| Norisoboldine | Agonist | Lindera aggregata (plant) |
| Omeprazole | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| Prostaglandin | Agonist | Arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Quercetin | Partial agonist | Fruits and vegetables |
| StemRegenin 1 (SR1) | Antagonist | Purine derivative |
| Sulindac | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| Resveratrol | Partial agonist | Fruits and vegetables |
| Tapinarof | Agonist | Bacterial metabolism |
| Tryptamine | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| Trypthantrin | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |
| VAF347 | Agonist | Anthropogenic |
| Xanthurenic acid | Agonist | Tryptophan metabolism |