Table 3. .
General Characteristics of Studies Included in the Systematic Reviewa
| Author, Reference Year |
Pharmacological Agent (Therapeutic Category) |
Animals (Species, Age, Gender) |
OTM Model (Mechanism, Type of OTM, Amount of Force, Duration) |
Group Characteristics (Groups, Sample Size, Dose, Route, Administration) |
Timeline of Relapse Measurementb; Resultsc |
|
| Experimental Group |
Control Group |
|||||
| Kim et al.,21 1997 | Pamidronate disodium (bisphosphonates) | Wistar rats, 7 weeks, male | Elastic band: R&L Mx FM and SM; tipping; NS; 21 days | Pamidronate disodium; E- 7; 1.5 mg/mL/kg; IV; one time on the last day of OTM E1-0 days E2-5 days E3-10 days | C-7, PS; 1.0mL/kg; NS; one time C1-0 days C2-5 days C3-10 days | Days 5, 10; decrease |
| Han et al.,22 2010 | Simvastatin (antihyperlipidemic agents) | Wistar rats, 7–8 weeks, male | NiTi CCS: Mx Is to R&L FM; tipping; 50cN; 21 days | Simvastatin; E-16; 2.5 mg/kg; IP; daily for 4 weeks from last day of OTM | C-16; 0.9% NaCl NS; IP; daily for 4 weeks | Weeks 1 and 4; decrease |
| Vieira et al.,23 2015 | Simvastatin (antihyperlipidemic agents) | Wistar rats, 4 months, male | SS CCS: Mx I to L FM; tipping; 75 cN; 18 days | Simvastatin; E-15; 5 mg/kg, 400 μL; oral gavage; daily for 20 days | C- 10; 0.5% CMC; 400 μL; oral gavage; NS | Day 20; ND |
| Dolci et al.,24 2017 | Atorvastatin (antihyperlipidemic agents) | Wistar rats; 6 weeks; male | NiTi CCS: Mx Is to R FM; NS; 50 cN; 21 days | Atorvastatin; 15 mg/kg; oral gavage; E1: 6; daily for 7 days E2: 6; daily for 14 days E3: 6; daily for 21 days | C-18; PBS; 0.1 ml; oral gavage; daily for 7, 14 or 21 days BC-36; SMD-L Mx FMs of all animals | Days 7, 14, 21; decrease |
| Liu et al.,25 2017d | Aspirin (analgesics) | Sprague-Dawley rats; 6–8 weeks; male | NiTi CCS: Mx Is to R FM; NS; 50 gm; 14 days | Aspirin; E-3; 300 mg/kg; oral; daily for 10 days | UC-3 | Days 0.5,1,2,3, 5,7,10; decrease |
| AlSwafeeri et al.,26 2018 | Simvastatin (antihyperlipidemic agents) | New-Zealand rabbits; 16 weeks; male | NiTi CCS: Md Is and R&L PM; tipping; 100cN; 21 days | Simvastatin; RSMD; E-10 PMs; 0.5 mg/480 μL; IL (180 μL) and SMu (300 μL); days 21,28,35b | Pluronic F-127; C- 10 PMs; IL (180 μL) and SMu (300 μL); days 21,28,35e | Day 21; ND |
| Vieira et al.,27 2019f | CMT-3 (antibiotics) | Wistar rats; 4 months; male | SS CCS: Mx I to L FM; tipping; 75 cN; 18 days | CMT-3; E-15; 30 mg/kg; oral; daily for 20 days | C-15; 0.5% CMC; oral; daily for 20 days | Day 20; decrease |
BC indicates baseline control without any force application; C, control with placebo or vehicle intervention; CCS, closed-coil spring; CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose; CMT-3, chemically modified tetracycline-3; cN-centiNewton E, experimental; FM, first molar; I, incisors; IL, intraligamental; IP, intraperitoneal; IV, intravenous; L, left; NiTi, nickel titanium; Md, mandibular; Mx, maxillary; ND, no significant difference in relapse relative to control group/s; NS, Not specified; OTM, orthodontic tooth movement; PBS, phosphate buffer solution; PS, physiological saline; PM, premolar; R, right; RSMD, randomized split-mouth design; SM, second molar; SMD, split-mouth design; SMu, submucosal; SS, stainless steel; UC, untreated control force application without any intervention.
After cessation of tooth movement.
All results represent comparisons with control group/s.
Multiple experiments were conducted.
Days from the beginning of the experiment.
Results from simvastatin group not included in synthesis.