Table 1. .
Sources of Literature and Information Included in This Review, With Levels of Evidence*
| Ref. no. |
Author |
Country |
Title/Topic |
Type of Study |
Level of Evidence |
| 1 | Guo YR, et al. (2020) | China, Singapore | The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status | Narrative review | 5 |
| 2 | Giovanetti M, et al. (2020) | Italy | The first two cases of 2019-nCoV in Italy: Where they come from? | Case series | 4 |
| 3 | Paraskevis D, et al. (2020) | Greece | Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event | Short communication, Investigational, mechanism-based reasoning | 5 |
| 4 | Schoeman D, et al. (2020) | South Africa | Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge | Narrative review | 5 |
| 5 | Ji W, et al. (2020) | China | Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV | Investigational, mechanism-based reasoning | 5 |
| 6 | Lam TT-Y, et al. (2020) | China, Hong Kong | Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins | Investigational, mechanism-based reasoning | 5 |
| 7 | Zhu N, et al. (2019) | China | A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 | Case series | 4 |
| 8 | Fehr AR, et al. (2015) | United States | Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis | Narrative review | 5 |
| 9 | Kampf G, et al. (2020) | Germany | Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents | Narrative review | 5 |
| 10 | van Doremalen N, et al. (2020) | United States | Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 | Correspondence, investigational, mechanism-based reasoning | 5 |
| 11 | Zhou P, et al. (2020) | China | A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin | Case series | 4 |
| 12 | Li Q, et al. (2020) | China | Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia | Case series | 4 |
| 13 | Zhao S, et al. (2020) | China | Anesthetic management of patients with COVID-19 infections during emergency procedures | Case series | 4 |
| 14 | Belser JA, et al. (2013) | United States | Ocular tropism of respiratory viruses | Narrative review | 5 |
| 15 | Lu CW, et al. (2020) | China | 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored | Correspondence, expert opinion | 5 |
| 16 | Chen N, et al. (2020) | China | Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study | Case series | 4 |
| 17 | Rothe C, et al. (2020) | Germany | Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany | Correspondence, mechanism-based reasoning | 5 |
| 18 | Zhang W, et al. (2020) | China | Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes | Case series | 4 |
| 19 | To KK, et al. (2020) | China | Consistent Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Saliva | Case series | 5 |
| 20 | Santarpia JL, et al. (2020) | United States | Transmission Potential of SARS-CoV-2 in Viral Shedding Observed at the University of Nebraska Medical Center | Case series | 4 |
| 21 | Lauer SA, et al. (2020) | United States, Germany | The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application | Case series | 4 |
| 22 | Lan L, et al. (2020) | China | Positive RT-PCR test results in patients recovered from COVID-19 | Correspondence, case series | 4 |
| 23 | Ling Y, et al. (2020) | China | Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients | Case series | 4 |
| 24 | Dong Y, et al. (2020) | China | Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China. | Case series | 4 |
| 25 | Wu Z, et al. (2020) | China | Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention | Viewpoint, review of reported data | 5 |
| 26 | Guan WJ, et al. (2020) | China | Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 in China | Case series | 4 |
| 27 | Huang C, et al. (2020) | China | Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China | Case series | 4 |
| 28 | Roser M, et al. (2020) | England | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) – statistics and research | Review of reported data | 5 |
| 29 | Wang Y, et al. (2020) | China | Oral health management of children during the epidemic period of coronavirus disease 2019 | Narrative review | 5 |
| 30 | Sabino-Silva R, et al. (2020) | Canada, Brazil | Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis | Correspondence, mechanism-based reasoning | 5 |
| 31 | American Association of Orthodontists (2020) | United States | COVID-19 resources for orthodontists | Expert opinion | 5 |
| 32 | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) | United States | What to do if you are sick | Expert opinion | 5 |
| 33 | Ti LK, et al. (2020) | Singapore | What we do when a COVID-19 patient needs an operation: operating room preparation and guidance | Correspondence, expert opinion | 5 |
| 34 | Kim HJ, et al. (2020) | Korea | Recommendations for anesthesia in patients suspected of coronavirus 2019-nCoV infection | Expert opinion | 5 |
| 35 | Liu Y, et al. (2020) | China | Aerodynamic characteristics and RNA concentration of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol in Wuhan hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak | Investigational, mechanism based reasoning | 5 |
| 36 | Ather B, et al. (2020) | United States | Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care | Narrative review | 5 |
| 37 | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) | United States | Dental settings | Expert opinion | 5 |
| 38 | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) | United States | Recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings | Expert opinion | 5 |
| 39 | American Dental Association (2020) | United States | Coronavirus frequently asked questions | Expert opinion | 5 |
| 40 | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) | United States | PPE sequence | Expert opinion | 5 |
| 41 | Peng X, et al. (2020) | China | Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice | Narrative review | 5 |
| 42 | Xie X, et al. (2020) | Hong Kong, China | Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing | Investigational, mechanism-based reasoning | 5 |
| 43 | Samaranayake LP, et al. (2004) | Hong Kong | Severe acute respiratory syndrome and dentistry: a retrospective view | Review | 5 |
| 44 | Meng L, et al. (2020) | Wuhan, China | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine | Review and expert opinion | 5 |
| 45 | World Health Organization (2020) | Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected - Interim guidance. 2020 | Expert opinion | 5 | |
| 46 | World Health Organization (2014) | Geneva | Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care. Annex G, use of disinfectants: alcohol and bleach | Expert opinion | 5 |
| American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) | United States | Recommendations and guidelines | Local communications | 5 | |
| Canadian Association of Orthodontists | Canada | Recommendations and guidelines | Local communications | 5 | |
| British Orthodontic Society | Britain | Recommendations and guidelines | Local communications | 5 | |
| American Dental Association | United States | Recommendations and guidelines | Local communications | 5 | |
| Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario | Canada | Recommendations and guidelines | Local communications | 5 |
a
Level of evidence rating scheme based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence Working Group. “The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2:” Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Available at: https://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653. Accessed on April 5, 2020.