Table 5.

Treatment outcomes in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

	N of patients treated	N of patients treated as 1st-line	Efficacy as 1st-line AED; N (%)	N of patients treated as 2nd-line	Efficacy as 2nd-line; N (%)	N of patients treated as 3rd-line	Efficacy as 3rd-line; N (%)	Overall efficacy	Side-effects
Phenobarbital	76	76	49 (65%)	/	/	/	/	65%	None reported
Lorazepam	10	5	2 (20%)	5	2 (20%)		/	4 (40%)	Liver enzyme elevation in 1 patient
Midazolam	333	/	/	226	14–50%	107	57.5%	36%	Hypotension in 39 patients (12%)
Lidocaine	317	/	/	208	94 (45%)	125	91 (73.4%)	59%	None reported
Levetiracetam	76	22	Seizure freedom in 11 (50%) patients after 40 h, in 22 (100%) after 5 days	54	49 (92%)	/	/	75%	None reported
Bumetanide	14	14	7 (50%)	/	/	/	/	N/A	Ototoxicity