Table 5. Nucleic Acid Candidate Vaccines against COVID-19 in Clinical Trials.
| vaccine platform (no. of vaccines in clinical trials) | developer/manufacturer | vaccine (CAS Registry Number) | clinical stage | route of administrationa (no. of doses) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA (11) | Inovio Pharmaceuticals/International Vaccine Institute (USA) | INO-4800 (2535490-43-6) | Phase 2/3 | ID (2) |
| Osaka University/AnGes/Takara Bio (Japan) | AG0301-COVID19 (2541593-92-2); AG0302-COVID19 (2541593-93-3) | Phase 2/3 | IM (2) | |
| Cadila Healthcare Limited (India) | ZyCoV-D (2541524-47-2) | Phase 3 | ID (3) | |
| Genexine Consortium (South Korea) | GX-19 (2541485-67-8) | Phase 1/2 | IM (2) | |
| Symvivo (Canada) | bacTRL-Spike | Phase 1 | Oral (1) | |
| Providence Health & Services (USA) | CORVax | Phase 1 | ID (2) | |
| Entos Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Canada) | Covigenix VAX-001 | Phase 1 | IM (2) | |
| GeneOne Life Science, Inc. (South Korea) | GLS-5310 | Phase 1/2 | ID (2) | |
| University of Sydney, Bionet Co., Ltd. Technovalia (Australia) | COVIGEN | Phase 1 | IM (2) | |
| Takis/Rottapharm Biotech (Italy) | COVID-eVax | Phase 1/2 | IM (ND) | |
| Takis/Rottapharm Biotech (Italy) | COVID-eVax | Phase 1/2 | IM (ND) | |
| RNA (8) | Moderna/NIAID (USA) | mRNA-1273 (2457298-05-2) | Phase 4 | IM (2) |
| BioNTech (Germany)//Pfizer (USA) | BNT162b1 (2417899-75-1), BNT162b2 (2417899-77-3) | Phase 4 | IM (2) | |
| Curevac (Germany) | CVNCOV (2541470-90-8) | Phase 3 | IM (2) | |
| Arcturus (USA)/Duke-NUS (Singapore) | ARCT-021 (2541451-24-3) | Phase 2 | ND (ND) | |
| Imperial College London (UK) | LNP-nCoVsaRNA (2545641-90-3) | Phase 1 | IM (2) | |
| Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital/Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China) | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine | Phase 1 | IM (2) | |
| Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) | ChulaCov19 | Phase 1 | IM (2) | |
| Providence Therapeutics (Canada) | PTX-COVID19-B | Phase 1 | IM (2) |
a
ID: Intradermal; IM: intramuscular.