TABLE 1.
Demographic data
| Group | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Intervention n = 55 |
Control n = 55 |
||
| Age, years | 66.76 (12.64) | 60.76 (12.64) | .013 |
| Female, n (%) | 35 (63.64) | 34 (61.82) | .844 |
| Marital Status, n (%) | |||
| Married | 34 (61.82) | 30 (54.55) | .789 |
| Single | 11 (20.00) | 14 (25.45) | |
| Widowed | 7 (12.73) | 9 (19.36) | |
| Separated/Divorced | 3 (5.45) | 2 (3.64) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| Primary school | 6 (10.91) | 13 (23.64) | .339 |
| High school | 15 (27.27) | 11 (20.00) | |
| Bachelor's Degree or Higher | 34 (61.82) | 31 (56.38) | |
| Occupation, n (%) | |||
| Housekeeper | 3 (5.45) | 9 (16.36) | .124 |
| Farmer | 27 (49.09) | 18 (32.73) | |
| Government officer | 14 (25.45) | 19 (34.55) | |
| Personal business owner | 11 (20.00) | 9 (16.36) | |
| History of smoking, n (%) | |||
| Never smoked | 31 (56.36) | 32 (58.18) | .767 |
| Former smoker | 17 (30.91) | 15 (27.27) | |
| Actively smoking | 0 (0.00) | 8 (14.55) | |
| History of alcohol, n (%) | |||
| Never drank alcohol | 36 (65.45) | 36 (65.45) | .590 |
| Former alcohol drinker | 13 (23.64) | 14 (25.45) | |
| Actively drinks alcohol | 6 (10.91) | 5 (9.09) | |
| Underlying disease, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 30 (54.55) | 28 (50.91) | .849 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (9.09) | 5 (9.09) | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4 (7.27) | 4 (7.27) | 1.000 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (3.64) | 2 (3.64) | 1.000 |
| Others | 14 (25.45) | 9 (16.36) | .248 |
| The duration of hypertension diagnosis, years | 2.44 (1.27) | 2.56 (1.20) | .590 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl (mean ± SD) | 0.92 ± 0.37 | 0.98 ± 0.37 | .423 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 (mean ± SD) | 61.90 ± 26.48 | 60.67 ± 25.88 | .806 |
| Chief complaints of current visit, n (%) | |||
| Asymptomatic | 36 (65.45) | 35 (63.64) | .642 |
| Dizziness | 7 (12.73) | 5 (9.09) | |
| Headache | 4 (7.27) | 8 (14.55) | |
| Blurred vision | 4 (7.27) | 4 (7.27) | |
| Shortness of breath | 4 (7.27) | 3 (5.46) | |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | |||
| Untreated | 15 (27.27) | 17 (30.91) | .195 |
| Stopped independently | 10 (18.18) | 3 (5.45) | .041 |
| Irregularly taken | 17 (30.91) | 17 (30.91) | 1.000 |
| Regularly taken, n (%) | 13 (23.64) | 18 (32.73) | .295 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 12 (21.82) | 18 (32.73) | .284 |
| ACEI | 3 (5.45) | 3 (5.45) | 1.000 |
| ARB | 5 (9.09) | 6 (10.91) | 1.000 |
| Hydralazine | 9 (16.36) | 12 (21.82) | .628 |
| Prescribed antihypertensive medication in ER, n (%) | 51 (92.73) | 52 (94.55) | .068 |
| Amlodipine | 19 (34.55) | 34 (61.82) | .007 |
| Captopril | 0 (0) | 4 (7.27) | .118 |
| Hydralazine | 49 (89.09) | 51 (92.73) | .742 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ER, emergency room.