Table 2.
Continuous glucose monitoring data (CGM) in 65 patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) randomized to 12 weeks treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or no CPAP
| All patients |
CPAP/baseline n = 34 |
CPAP/12 wk n = 29 |
Control/baseline n = 31 a |
Control/12 wk n = 31 a |
CPAP change n = 29 |
P‐value paired t test |
Control group change n = 29 a |
P‐value paired t test | Between‐group difference b | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time with CGM‐data (%) | 97.9 ± 5.4 | 97.9 ± 4.6 | 98.8 ± 2.2 | 97.1 ± 5.5 | 0.1 ± 7.8 | 1.0 | −1.1 ± 5.1 | .2 | 1.2 | .5 |
| Average glucose, 24 h (mmol/L) | 9.8 ± 1.8 | 9.5 ± 1.5 | 9.4 ± 1.9 | 9.8 ± 2.0 | −0.2 ± 1.8 | .6 | 0.5 ± 2.3 | .2 | −0.7 | .2 |
| Average glucose, night (mmol/L) | 9.1 ± 2.0 | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 8.4 ± 2.0 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | −0.1 ± 1.9 | .7 | 0.6 ± 2.3 | .2 | −0.7 | .2 |
| Average glucose, day (mmol/L) | 10.0 ± 1.8 | 9.7 ± 1.5 | 9.7 ± 1.9 | 10.1 ± 2.1 | −0.2 ± 1.9 | .6 | 0.5 ± 2.4 | .3 | −0.7 | .2 |
| Time in range (3.9‐10.0 mmol/L; %) | ||||||||||
| 24 h | 59.7 ± 22.4 | 63.1 ± 20.3 | 64.4 ± 23.6 | 57.7 ± 25.0 | 0.04 ± 20.6 | .9 | −6.6 ± 27.3 | .2 | 6.6 | .3 |
| Night | 65.3 ± 24.7 | 67.7 ± 24.0 | 71.1 ± 24.2 | 62.7 ± 26.4 | 0.5 ± 20.8 | .9 | −7.4 ± 28.6 | .2 | 7.9 | .3 |
| Day | 56.7 ± 23.0 | 60.7 ± 20.5 | 61.0 ± 25.0 | 55.1 ± 26.1 | 0.2 ± 24.1 | .9 | −6.2 ± 29.3 | .3 | 6.4 | .4 |
| Glucose < 3.9 mmol/L (% of time) | 0.9 ± 1.7 | 0.6 ± 1.5 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | 0.9 ± 2.4 | −0.5 ± 2.3 | .3 | −0.1 ± 2.8 | .9 | −0.4 | .6 |
| Hypoglycaemic episodes (no.) c | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 1.8 | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 1.8 | −0.1 ± 1.8 | .8 | −0.3 ± 2.2 | .6 | 0.2 | .7 |
| Glucose > 10.0 mmol/L (% of time) | 39.4 ± 23.0 | 36.3 ± 20.7 | 34.9 ± 24.0 | 41.4 ± 25.6 | −0.5 ± 21.3 | .9 | 6.7 ± 27.9 | .2 | −7.2 | .3 |
| Glucose > 13.9 mmol/L (% of time) | 10.2 ± 13.9 | 7.5 ± 8.0 | 7.7 ± 11.7 | 10.5 ± 16.5 | −2.4 ± 12.6 | .3 | 3.0 ± 18.8 | .4 | −5.4 | .2 |
| Glycaemic variability | ||||||||||
| CV, 24 h | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | −0.01 ± 0.05 | .2 | −0.004 ± 0.08 | .7 | −0.006 | .7 |
| CV, night | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.21 ± 0.08 | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.006 ± 0.09 | .7 | 0.006 ± 0.11 | .8 | −0.01 | .7 |
| CV, day | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.07 | −0.01 ± 0.05 | .1 | −0.003 ± 0.08 | .9 | −0.01 | .5 |
Abbreviation: CV, coefficient of variation.
a
Two patients from baseline and two patients at 12 wk follow‐up had missing CGM data (not the same patients), as a result only 29 patients in group change.
b
In the between group difference column, the control group is reference.
c
Episode of hypoglycaemia is defined as glucose <3.9 mmol/L for more than 10 min.