Table 2.
Diurnal blood pressure variability
|
Japanese Group (N = 1051) |
Thai Group (N = 804) |
p value |
Estimated OR (95%CI) |
p for OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning BP surge | |||||
| Morning BP surge, mm Hg | 31.4 + 15.9 | 22.4 ± 16.9 | <.001 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Exaggerated morning BP surge, % | 6.7 | 2.9 | <.001 | 0.50 (0.30 ‐ 0.84) | .009 a |
| Nocturnal BP dipping | |||||
| 4 Nocturnal dipping patterns, % | <.001 | ||||
| Extreme dipper | 12.3 | 2.0 | 0.19 (0.10 ‐ 0.37) | <.001 b | |
| Dipper | 41.0 | 24.2 | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Non‐dipper | 35.9 | 43.3 | 3.06 (2.32 ‐ 4.05) | <.001 b | |
| Riser | 10.9 | 30.5 | 7.59 (5.24 ‐ 11.0) | <.001 b | |
| Non‐dipper/Riser, % | 46.7 | 73.9 | <0.001 | 4.41 (3.38 ‐ 5.75) | <.001 c |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, or a percentage. “Exaggerated morning surge” was defined as percentage of unadjusted morning surge ≥ 55 mm Hg.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Estimated odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for exaggerated morning surge in Thai vs. Japanese data based on multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, BMI, current smoking, medicated hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, past history of CAD, and past history of stroke (model A).
Estimated odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for each nocturnal dipping pattern (reference: Dipper) in Thai vs. Japanese data based on multinomial logistic regression model B adjusted for the covariates in model A and nighttime SBP average.
Estimated odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the Non‐dipper/Riser pattern in Thai vs. Japanese data based on multivariable logistic regression model B.