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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Cognition. 2019 Mar 16;189:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.03.009

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

(A)The Counterfactual Information Task. Trial starts with serial presentation of offer 1 and offer 2, followed by a central fixation, choice, outcome, and an inter-trial interval. The color of the offer indicates the size of the reward payoff and the height indicates the probability of receiving the payoff. The cyan dot at the center of the offers indicates the informativeness of each offer. Outcome is indicated following choice by color. Upon choice, payoff of the chosen gamble is delivered while the outcome is revealed. The informative option leads to the reveal of both the chosen and unchosen gamble outcomes. (B) Entropy of Probabilistic Outcomes. Entropy, information gained from revealing a gamble outcome, peaks at probability of 0.5, when the outcome is most uncertain, and decreases lawfully as probability moves closer to 0 or 1.