Table 1. Published distance-training experiments with temperately adapted European A. mellifera.
The study IDs are the same as used for the numbering of data points in Fig. 1A. Information is provided on the bees used, the location of the experiment, the maximum distance to which the bees were trained, the components of the waggle dance measured, and whether the observed relationship between feeder distance and the duration of the dance component(s) deviated from linearity. The last column contains the references.
| Study ID | Honeybee subspecies |
Location | Max. distance trained (km) | Dance component(s) timed | Deviation from linear distance-duration relationship? | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A. m. carnica | Brunnwinkl, Austria | 1.5 | Dance circuit | Yes | von Frisch 1945 (in von Frisch, 1965, p. 66) |
| 2 | A. m. carnica | St. Gilgen, Austria | 3 | Dance circuit | Yes | von Frisch 1946 (in von Frisch, 1965, p. 66) |
| 3 | A. m. carnica | Graz, Austria | 11 | Dance circuit | Yes | Knaffl & Lindauer 1949 (in von Frisch, 1965, p. 67) |
| 4 | A. m. carnica | Bonn, Germany | 2 | Waggle phase Dance circuit |
Yes Yes |
Steche (1957) |
| 5 | A. m. carnica | Munich, Germany | 4.5 | Waggle phase Dance circuit |
Yes Yes |
von Frisch & Jander (1957) |
| 6 | A. m. carnica | Munich, Germany | 4 | Dance circuit | Yes | Lindauer 1960 (in von Frisch, 1965, p. 66) |
| 7 | A. m. ligustica | Pinckney, Michigan, USA | 1.23 | Waggle phase Dance circuit |
No Yes |
Wenner (1962) |
| 8 | A. m. sspp.-hybrid | Arnot Forest, New York, USA | 1.5 | Dance circuit | Yes | Visscher (1982) |
| 9 | A. m. ligustica-hybrid | Japan | 1.4 | waggle phase | No | Sasaki, Takahashi & Sato (1993) |
| 10 | A. m. sspp.-hybrid | Florida, USA | 1.1 | Dance circuit | Yes | Waddington et al. (1994) |
| 11 | A. m. carnica | Göttingen, Germany | 1 | Dance circuit | Yes* | Steffan-Dewenter & Kuhn (2003) |
| 12 | A. m. sspp.-hybrid | Canberra, Australia | 0.58 | Waggle phase | No | Tautz et al. (2004) |
| 13 | A. m. ligustica | Hangzhou, China | 0.4 | Waggle phase | No | Su et al. (2008) |
| 14 | A. m. mellifera-hybrid | Brighton, UK | 1.285 | Waggle phase | No | Schürch et al. (2013) |
| 15 | A. m. mellifera-hybrid | Brighton, UK | 0.4 | Waggle phase | No | Schürch et al. (2016) |
| 16 | A. m. ligustica-hybrid | Blacksburg, Virginia, USA | 0.622 | Waggle phase | No | Schürch et al. (2019) |
| 17 | A. m. ligustica-hybrid | Afton, Minnesota, USA | 1.06 | Waggle phase | No | Carr-Markell et al. (2020) |
Notes:
*
The results of Steffan-Dewenter & Kuhn (2003) suggest a non-linear relationship of distance and circuit duration, but since bees were tested at a low number of feeder distances (ca. 260, 500 and 1000 m from the hive), the shape of the distance-duration function cannot be unambiguously determined.