Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants by sex and area
| Characteristics | Total | Sex | P value for sex | Area | P value for area | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Urban | Rural | ||||
| n (%) | 299 220 (100) | 143 524 (47.97) | 155 696 (52.03) | ‐‐ | 124 761 (41.7) | 174 459 (58.3) | ‐‐ |
| Age, y | 48.2 (48.2‐48.3) | 48.0 (47.9‐48.1) | 48.4 (48.3‐48.5) | <.001 | 47.7 (47.6‐47.8) | 48.6 (48.5‐48.7) | <.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 127.81 (127.74‐127.88) | 129.21 (129.12‐129.3) | 126.51 (126.41‐126.61) | <.001 | 126.88 (126.77‐126.98) | 128.47 (128.38‐128.56) | <.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75.53 (75.49‐75.56) | 77.2 (77.14‐77.25) | 73.99 (73.93‐74.04) | <.001 | 75.17 (75.12‐75.23) | 75.78 (75.73‐75.83) | <.001 |
| HTN‐related crude rate (%) | |||||||
| Prevalence | 28.23 (28.07‐28.39) | 28.69 (28.45‐28.92) | 27.81 (27.58‐28.03) | <.001 | 27.32 (27.07‐27.57) | 28.88 (28.67‐29.09) | <.001 |
| Awareness | 51.39 (51.06‐51.73) | 47.36 (46.88‐47.84) | 55.23 (54.76‐55.7) | <.001 | 53.05 (52.52‐53.58) | 50.28 (49.84‐50.71) | <.001 |
| Treatment | 45.63 (45.3‐45.97) | 41.08 (40.61‐41.56) | 49.96 (49.49‐50.43) | <.001 | 47.93 (47.4‐48.46) | 44.08 (43.65‐44.52) | <.001 |
| Control | 16.23 (15.98‐16.48) | 14.71 (14.37‐15.06) | 17.67 (17.31‐18.03) | <.001 | 18.54 (18.13‐18.95) | 14.66 (14.36‐14.97) | <.001 |
| Ethnicity (Han, %) | 88.6 (88.48‐88.71) | 88.73 (88.56‐88.89) | 88.48 (88.32‐88.64) | <.001 | 87.61 (87.43‐87.79) | 89.3 (89.16‐89.45) | <.001 |
| Smoking, % | |||||||
| Current smokers | 22.58 (22.43‐22.73) | 44.45 (44.2‐44.71) | 2.42 (2.35‐2.5) | <.001 | 21.55 (21.32‐21.78) | 23.32 (23.12‐23.52) | <.001 |
| Past smokers | 3.31 (3.24‐3.37) | 6.42 (6.29‐6.55) | 0.43 (0.4‐0.47) | 3.09 (2.99‐3.19) | 3.46 (3.38‐3.55) | ||
| Non‐smokers | 74.11 (73.95‐74.27) | 49.13 (48.87‐49.39) | 97.14 (97.06‐97.22) | 75.36 (75.12‐75.6) | 73.22 (73.01‐73.43) | ||
| Alcohol drinking, % | 22.62 (22.47‐22.77) | 40.55 (40.3‐40.8) | 6.09 (5.97‐6.21) | <.001 | 21.62 (21.39‐21.85) | 23.33 (23.13‐23.53) | <.001 |
| Family history of hypertension, % | 22.85 (22.7‐23) | 21.89 (21.68‐22.11) | 23.73 (23.52‐23.94) | <.001 | 23.59 (23.36‐23.83) | 22.31 (22.12‐22.51) | <.001 |
| Family history of CVD, % | 7 (6.91‐7.1) | 6.49 (6.36‐6.62) | 7.48 (7.35‐7.61) | <.001 | 7.01 (6.87‐7.15) | 7 (6.88‐7.12) | <.001 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 23.81 (23.79‐23.82) | 23.85 (23.84‐23.87) | 23.76 (23.75‐23.78) | <.001 | 23.84 (23.82‐23.86) | 23.79 (23.77‐23.8) | <.001 |
| Anti‐hypertensive drug, % | 12.88 (12.76‐13) | 11.79 (11.62‐11.95) | 13.89 (13.72‐14.06) | <.001 | 13.09 (12.91‐13.28) | 12.73 (12.57‐12.89) | .0034 |
| Education, % | |||||||
| Primary | 41.94 (41.76‐42.11) | 34.7 (34.45‐34.94) | 48.61 (48.36‐48.86) | <.001 | 33.2 (32.94‐33.46) | 48.19 (47.95‐48.42) | <.001 |
| Middle | 47.49 (47.31‐47.67) | 54.02 (53.76‐54.27) | 41.48 (41.23‐41.72) | 51.07 (50.8‐51.35) | 44.93 (44.7‐45.16) | ||
| Senior | 10.57 (10.46‐10.68) | 11.29 (11.12‐11.45) | 9.91 (9.77‐10.06) | 15.73 (15.53‐15.93) | 6.88 (6.77‐7) | ||
| Employment conditions, % | |||||||
| Employment | 59.54 (59.37‐59.72) | 63.49 (63.24‐63.74) | 55.91 (55.66‐56.16) | <.001 | 56 (55.72‐56.27) | 62.08 (61.85‐62.31) | <.001 |
| Retirement | 6.39 (6.31‐6.48) | 6.69 (6.56‐6.82) | 6.12 (6‐6.24) | 11.71 (11.53‐11.89) | 2.59 (2.52‐2.67) | ||
| Students | 4.34 (4.27‐4.41) | 4.33 (4.23‐4.44) | 4.35 (4.25‐4.45) | 5.4 (5.27‐5.52) | 3.59 (3.5‐3.67) | ||
| Unemployment | 29.72 (29.56‐29.89) | 25.49 (25.26‐25.71) | 33.63 (33.39‐33.86) | 26.9 (26.65‐27.14) | 31.74 (31.52‐31.96) | ||
Data are means and their 95% CIs, and the categorical variables are presented as percentages and their 95% CIs. P < .05: The group difference assessed by 2 test was significant.
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure. Family history of CVD, family history of coronary heart disease and/or stroke.