Table 1.
Baseline clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics
| Coronary events, heart failure, stroke, or death from any cause | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants, n = 1376 | No events, n = 971 | Events, n = 405 | P‐value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 67 (61‐70) | 66 (59‐70) | 70 (65‐74) | <.001 a |
| Male sex | 942 (68%) | 657 (68%) | 285 (70%) | .32 b |
| Active smoking | 204 (15%) | 133 (14%) | 71 (18%) | .07 b |
| Anthropometrics and vital signs | ||||
| Height, cm | 172 ± 9 | 172 ± 9 | 171 ± 9 | .74 c |
| Weight, kg | 83 ± 14 | 82 ± 14 | 83 ± 14 | .75 c |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1 ± 4.3 | 28.1 ± 4.2 | 28.1 ± 4.4 | .97 c |
| Overweight (body mass index 25‐29.9 kg/m2) | 680 (49%) | 493 (51%) | 187 (46%) | .12 b |
| Obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 387 (28%) | 268 (28%) | 119 (29%) | .50 b |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 148 ± 20 | 147 ± 19 | 150 ± 22 | .01 c |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 85 ± 10 | 85 ± 10 | 85 ± 11 | .75 c |
| Heart rate, bpm | 72 ± 12 | 72 ± 12 | 72 ± 13 | .63 c |
| Antihypertensive medication use | ||||
| Any antihypertensive medication | 565 (41%) | 356 (37%) | 209 (52%) | <.001 b |
| Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitor | 264 (19%) | 168 (17%) | 96 (24%) | .006 b |
| Beta blocker | 258 (19%) | 172 (18%) | 86 (21%) | .13 b |
| Calcium channel blocker | 125 (9%) | 85 (9%) | 40 (10%) | .51 b |
| Diuretic | 78 (6%) | 37 (4%) | 41 (10%) | <.001 b |
| Hypertension (2018 ESC/ESH) | 1063 (77%) | 724 (75%) | 339 (84%) | <.001 b |
| Hypertension (2017 ACC/AHA) | 1255 (91%) | 877 (90%) | 378 (93%) | .07 b |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 6.2 (5.5‐7.2) | 6.2 (5.5‐7.1) | 6.3 (5.5‐7.6) | .02 a |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | .16 c |
| Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | .16 c |
| Electrocardiogram | ||||
| Sokolow‐Lyon combination, mm | 22 ± 7 | 21 ± 7 | 22 ± 7 | .40 c |
| Cornell product, mm × ms | 1535 ± 625 | 1512 ± 604 | 1590 ± 669 | .04 c |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (either Sokolow‐Lyon or Cornell) | 151 (11%) | 98 (10%) | 53 (13%) | .11 b |
| Echocardiogram | ||||
| Left ventricular mass, g | 172 ± 48 | 169 ± 46 | 180 ± 52 | <.001 c |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2 | 88 ± 22 | 87 ± 20 | 93 ± 24 | <.001 c |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index in g/m2) | 240 (17%) | 147 (15%) | 93 (23%) | <.001 b |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m1.7 | 69 ± 18 | 67 ± 17 | 72 ± 19 | <.001 c |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index in g/m1.7) | 493 (36%) | 316 (33%) | 177 (44%) | <.001 b |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2.7 | 40 ± 10 | 39 ± 10 | 42 ± 11 | <.001 c |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index in g/m2.7) | 245 (18%) | 151 (16%) | 94 (23%) | <.001 b |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.41 ± 0.08 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.42 ± 0.09 | .001 c |
| Ejection fraction, % | 61 ± 6 | 61 ± 6 | 61 ± 8 | .90 c |
Abbreviations: ACC/AHA, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; ESC/ESH, European Society of Cardiology/ European Society of Hypertension.
a
Mann‐Whitney U test.
b
Pearson's chi‐square test.
c
Independent samples t test.