. 2020 Aug 19;22(9):1647–1658. doi: 10.1111/jch.13991

Table 2.

Hazard ratios for markers of left ventricular hypertrophy

	Unadjusted		Adjusted ^a
	HR (95% CI)	P‐value	HR (95% CI)	P‐value
Coronary events, heart failure, stroke, or death from any cause
ECG
Sokolow‐Lyon combination	1.33 (0.81‐2.21)	.26	1.32 (0.79‐2.20)	.29
Cornell product	1.34 (0.92‐1.94)	.13	1.18 (0.80‐1.74)	.42
Left ventricular hypertrophy ^b	1.23 (0.92‐1.64)	.16	1.18 (0.88‐1.58)	.26
Echocardiography
Left ventricular mass index, g/m²	2.64 (1.64‐4.26)	<.001	1.87 (1.13‐3.10)	.01
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m²	1.45 (1.15‐1.83)	.002	1.27 (1.01‐1.61)	.04
Relative wall thickness	2.12 (1.32‐3.41)	.002	1.23 (0.75‐2.03)	.41
Left ventricular mass index, g/m^1.7	1.71 (1.19‐2.46)	.004	1.53 (1.02‐2.30)	.04
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^1.7	1.36 (1.12‐1.66)	.002	1.30 (1.05‐1.61)	.01
Left ventricular mass index, g/m^2.7	2.36 (1.54‐3.62)	<.001	1.53 (0.97‐2.43)	.07
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^2.7	1.43 (1.13‐1.80)	.003	1.16 (0.92‐1.47)	.21
ECG or echocardiography
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m²	1.45 (1.17‐1.79)	<.001	1.28 (1.03‐1.60)	.02
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^1.7	1.40 (1.15‐1.70)	<.001	1.32 (1.07‐1.62)	.009
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^2.7	1.42 (1.15‐1.75)	.001	1.19 (0.96‐1.48)	.12
Heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes
ECG
Sokolow‐Lyon combination	2.19 (0.79‐6.05)	.13	2.04 (0.75‐5.58)	.17
Cornell product	2.19 (1.06‐4.53)	.04	1.58 (0.75‐3.33)	.23
Left ventricular hypertrophy ^b	2.18 (1.33‐3.58)	.002	1.86 (1.13‐3.08)	.02
Echocardiography
Left ventricular mass index, g/m²	9.40 (3.78‐23.35)	<.001	5.73 (2.22‐14.81)	<.001
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m²	2.53 (1.65‐3.90)	<.001	2.11 (1.36‐3.27)	<.001
Relative wall thickness	2.67 (1.02‐7.00)	.045	1.18 (0.44‐3.16)	.75
Left ventricular mass index, g/m^1.7	4.54 (2.32‐8.90)	<.001	4.16 (1.95‐8.88)	<.001
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^1.7	2.05 (1.36‐3.09)	<.001	1.87 (1.20‐2.90)	.006
Left ventricular mass index, g/m^2.7	7.00 (3.17‐15.47)	<.001	4.50 (1.90‐10.65)	<.001
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^2.7	2.34 (1.52‐3.61)	<.001	1.79 (1.15‐2.80)	.01
ECG or echocardiography
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m²	2.70 (1.79‐4.08)	<.001	2.21 (1.45‐3.36)	<.001
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^1.7	2.38 (1.56‐3.63)	<.001	2.10 (1.34‐3.27)	.001
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^2.7	2.67 (1.77‐4.02)	<.001	2.07 (1.36‐3.16)	<.001
Myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes
ECG
Sokolow‐Lyon combination	2.96 (1.61‐5.46)	<.001	2.67 (1.43‐5.01)	.002
Cornell product	1.47 (0.91‐2.37)	.12	1.39 (0.84‐2.28)	.20
Left ventricular hypertrophy ^b	1.42 (0.99‐2.03)	.06	1.39 (0.97‐2.00)	.07
Echocardiography
Left ventricular mass index, g/m²	3.08 (1.67‐5.71)	<.001	2.27 (1.19‐4.34)	.01
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m²	1.53 (1.13‐2.06)	.005	1.36 (1.01‐1.85)	.04
Relative wall thickness	2.49 (1.36‐4.56)	.003	1.56 (0.82‐2.96)	.18
Left ventricular mass index, g/m^1.7	1.70 (1.06‐2.74)	.03	1.75 (1.03‐2.97)	.04
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^1.7	1.25 (0.97‐1.62)	.09	1.23 (0.94‐1.62)	.13
Left ventricular mass index, g/m^2.7	2.76 (1.60‐4.78)	<.001	1.88 (1.04‐3.39)	.04
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^2.7	1.51 (1.12‐2.03)	.006	1.23 (0.91‐1.67)	.18
ECG or echocardiography
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m²	1.56 (1.19‐2.05)	.001	1.41 (1.07‐1.86)	.02
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^1.7	1.28 (0.99‐1.66)	.06	1.24 (0.95‐1.63)	.12
Left ventricular hypertrophy, g/m^2.7	1.55 (1.19‐2.03)	.001	1.31 (0.995‐1.73)	.054

Standardized HRs were reported for continuous markers of left ventricular hypertrophy (Sokolow‐Lyon voltage combination, Cornell voltage‐duration product, left ventricular mass index, relative wall thickness).

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^{^a}

Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, plasma total cholesterol, use of antihypertensive medication, and fasting plasma glucose category.

^{^b}

Left ventricular hypertrophy by either ECG definition.