TABLE 5a.
Risk factors associated with development of severe infection in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection (secondary outcome)
| Covariate | Non‐severe COVID‐19 infection , % | Severe COVID‐19 infection , % | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |||
| Comorbid conditions * | ||||||
| Neither hypertension nor T2DM | 1168 (44.1%) | 224 (29.8%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| Hypertension alone | 990 (37.4%) | 285 (37.9%) | 1.50 (1.24, 1.82) | 1.22 (1.00, 1.51) | ||
| T2DM alone | 154 (5.8%) | 72 (9.6%) | 2.44 (1.78, 3.34) | 2.21 (1.60, 3.06) | ||
| Hypertension and T2DM | 336 (12.7%) | 171 (22.7%) | 2.65 (2.10, 3.35) | 1.95 (1.51, 2.50) | ||
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–65 | 1760 (66.5%) | 334 (45.6%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| ≥65 | 888 (33.5%) | 409 (54.4%) | 2.36 (2.01, 2.79) | 1.94 (1.62, 2.31) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1416 (53.5%) | 335 (44.6%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .002 |
| Male | 1232 (46.5%) | 417 (55.4%) | 1.43 (1.22, 1.68) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.54) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| No | 2437 (92.0%) | 620 (82.5%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .002 |
| Yes | 211 (8.0%) | 132 (17.5%) | 2.46 (1.95, 3.11) | 1.50 (1.16, 1.93) | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | ||||||
| No | 2547 (96.2%) | 692 (92.0%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .247 |
| Yes | 101 (3.8%) | 60 (8.0%) | 2.19 (1.57, 3.04) | 1.23 (0.87, 1.75) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||||
| No | 2603 (98.3%) | 722 (96.0%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .184 |
| Yes | 45 (1.7%) | 30 (4.0%) | 2.40 (1.50, 3.84) | 1.41 (0.85, 2.34) | ||
| Chronic liver disease | ||||||
| No | 2552 (96.4%) | 716 (95.2%) | 1 [Reference] | .147 | 1 [Reference] | .300 |
| Yes | 96 (3.6%) | 36 (4.8%) | 1.34 (0.90, 1.98) | 1.24 (0.82, 1.88) | ||
| Chronic lung disease | ||||||
| No | 2585 (97.6%) | 704 (93.6%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| Yes | 63 (2.4%) | 48 (6.4%) | 2.80 (1.90, 4.11) | 2.09 (1.39, 3.15) | ||
| Endocrine/Immune system disease | ||||||
| No | 2546 (96.2%) | 706 (93.9%) | 1 [Reference] | .008 | 1 [Reference] | .118 |
| Yes | 102 (3.9%) | 46 (6.1%) | 1.63 (1.14, 2.33) | 1.36 (0.93, 2.00) | ||
| Tumor | ||||||
| No | 2577 (97.3%) | 724 (96.3%) | 1 [Reference] | .135 | 1 [Reference] | .647 |
| Yes | 71 (2.7%) | 28 (3.7%) | 1.40 (0.90, 2.19) | 1.12 (0.70, 1.78) | ||
| ACEIs/ARBs treatment | ||||||
| No | 2437 (92.0%) | 661 (87.9%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .221 |
| Yes | 211 (8.0%) | 91 (12.1%) | 1.59 (1.23, 2.06) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.58) | ||
*
Patients grouped according to the diagnosis of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).