TABLE 5b.
Risk factors associated with development of severe infection in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection (secondary outcome)
| Covariate | Non‐severe COVID‐19 infection, % | Severe COVID‐19 infection, % | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |||
| Comorbid conditions * | ||||||
| BP < 140/90 mmHg and FBG < 7 mmol/L | 1504 56.8% | 368 48.9% | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and FBG < 7 mmol/L | 819 30.9% | 210 27.9% | 1.05 (0.87, 1.27) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.19) | ||
| BP < 140/90 mmHg and FBG ≥ 7 mmol/L | 180 6.8% | 98 13.0% | 2.23 (1.70, 2.92) | 1.92 (1.45, 2.54) | ||
| BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and FBG ≥ 7 mmol/L | 145 5.5% | 76 10.1% | 2.14 (1.59, 2.89) | 1.82 (1.33, 2.48) | ||
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–65 | 1760 (66.5%) | 334 (45.6%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| ≥65 | 888 (33.5%) | 409 (54.4%) | 2.36 (2.01, 2.79) | 1.98 (1.67, 2.36) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1416 (53.5%) | 335 (44.6%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| Male | 1232 (46.5%) | 417 (55.4%) | 1.43 (1.22, 1.68) | 1.34 (1.13, 1.58) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| No | 2437 (92.0%) | 620 (82.5%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| Yes | 211 (8.0%) | 132 (17.5%) | 2.46 (1.95, 3.11) | 1.56 (1.21, 2.01) | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | ||||||
| No | 2547 (96.2%) | 692 (92.0%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .196 |
| Yes | 101 (3.8%) | 60 (8.0%) | 2.19 (1.57, 3.04) | 1.26 (0.89, 1.79) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||||
| No | 2603 (98.3%) | 722 (96.0%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .111 |
| Yes | 45 (1.7%) | 30 (4.0%) | 2.40 (1.50, 3.84) | 1.51 (0.91, 2.51) | ||
| Chronic liver disease | ||||||
| No | 2552 (96.4%) | 716 (95.2%) | 1 [Reference] | .147 | 1 [Reference] | .267 |
| Yes | 96 (3.6%) | 36 (4.8%) | 1.34 (0.90, 1.98) | 1.26 (0.84, 1.91) | ||
| Chronic lung disease | ||||||
| No | 2585 (97.6%) | 704 (93.6%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .001 |
| Yes | 63 (2.4%) | 48 (6.4%) | 2.80 (1.90, 4.11) | 1.96 (1.30, 2.94) | ||
| Endocrine/Immune system disease | ||||||
| No | 2546 (96.2%) | 706 (93.9%) | 1 [Reference] | .008 | 1 [Reference] | .094 |
| Yes | 102 (3.9%) | 46 (6.1%) | 1.63 (1.14, 2.33) | 1.39 (0.95, 2.04) | ||
| Tumor | ||||||
| No | 2577 (97.3%) | 724 (96.3%) | 1 [Reference] | .135 | 1 [Reference] | .663 |
| Yes | 71 (2.7%) | 28 (3.7%) | 1.40 (0.90, 2.19) | 1.11 (0.70, 1.77) | ||
| ACEIs/ARBs treatment | ||||||
| No | 2437 (92.0%) | 661 (87.9%) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .104 |
| Yes | 211 (8.0%) | 91 (12.1%) | 1.59 (1.23, 2.06) | 1.26 (0.95, 1.66) | ||
*
Patients grouped according to blood pressure (BP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels.