Table 1.
Characteristics of NHANES participants by reported sodium intake
| Characteristic |
Sodium Quintile 1 (0.06‐2.6 g/d) No. (%) a (N = 7745) |
Sodium Quintile 2 (2.6‐3.0 g/d) No. (%) (N = 7744) |
Sodium Quintile 3 (3.0‐3.4 gm/day) No. (%) (N = 7745) |
Sodium Quintile 4 (3.4‐4.0 g/d) No. (%) (N = 7744) |
Sodium Quintile 5 (4.0‐29.3 gm/day) No. (%) (N = 7744) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 42.9 (15.6) | 43.3 (15.6) | 43.6 (15.6) | 43.7 (15.5) | 44.5 (15.8) b | <.001 |
| Sex, male | 3858 (49.6) | 3748 (48.8) | 3697 (49.2) | 3739 (48.6) | 3723 (48.1) | .75 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 3084 (65.0) b | 3186 (67.6) | 3251 (67.6) | 3387 (69.2) | 3312 (67.7) b | <.001 |
| Black | 1773 (13.0) b | 1850 (12.7) | 1790 (12.4) | 1721 (11.2) | 1523 (9.7) b | |
| Mexican Hispanic | 1126 (11.3) b | 1506 (9.2) | 1468 (8.8) | 1326 (8.3) | 1121 (7.0) b | |
| Other Hispanic | 615 (5.4) b | 720 (5.6) | 683 (5.3) | 668 (5.0) | 597 (4.5) b | |
| Other | 405 (5.2) b | 482 (4.9) | 553 (5.9) | 642 (6.3) | 1190 (11.2) b | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.9 (6.3) b | 28.4 (6.7) b | 28.7 (6.7) | 29.0 (7.0) | 29.3 (7.2) b | <.001 |
| Physical Activity | ||||||
| Not moderate/vigorous | 3667 (41.1) | 3460 (39.1) | 3481 (40.2) | 3473 (38.6) | 3529 (39.4) | .38 |
| Moderate | 1915 (28.0) | 2065 (29.4) | 2098 (29.6) | 2090 (29.3) | 2040 (28.4) | |
| Vigorous | 2163 (30.9) | 2219 (31.5) | 2166 (30.2) | 2181 (32.1) | 2175 (32.2) | |
| Smoking >100 Cigs/Lifetime | 3457 (52.1) b | 3258 (46.0) | 3163 (45.1) | 3259 (45.5) | 3193 (43.9) | <.001 |
| Glycohemoglobin, mean (SD) | 5.45 (0.79) b | 5.49 (0.82) b | 5.53 (0.86) | 5.57 (0.93) b | 5.64 (1.04) b | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 3063 (37.2) | 2963 (35.4) b | 3106 (38.7) | 3166 (37.8) | 3379 (41.5) b | <.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 1046 (10.4) b | 1049 (10.6) b | 1226 (13.0) | 13.9 (14.4) | 1680 (16.3) b | <.001 |
| Angina | 142 (1.9) | 130 (1.7) | 148 (1.8) | 167 (2.2) | 196 (2.4) | .35 |
| CHF | 166 (1.9) b | 144 (1.4) | 139 (1.6) | 184 (1.9) b | 228 (2.3) b | .005 |
| CAD | 197 (2.7) | 182 (2.3) | 201 (2.4) | 241 (3.0) | 267 (3.1) | .24 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease.
Numbers represent N (percentage) unless otherwise indicated; CHF, congestive heart failure; SD, standard deviation.
a
Numbers may not sum to total N as they represent the actual observed N from the study while percentages were weighted taking into account the complex survey sampling.
b
P < .01 for individual between group comparisons with Sodium Quintile 3.