TABLE 3.
The association between specific dispensed drugs and the risk of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation a
| (No. With/without heart failure) | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||
| Beta‐1‐selective beta‐blockers | ||||||
| Metoprolol (3473/12 942) | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.98 |
| Atenolol (2698/9353) | 0.96 | 0.91 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 1.02 |
| Others (1541/5603) | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 1.04 |
| Non‐selective beta‐blockers | ||||||
| Sotalol (1193/4884) | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 1.04 |
| Pindolol (203/913) | 0.94 | 0.76 | 1.16 | 0.81 | 0.67 | 0.97 |
| Heart‐active calcium receptor blockers | ||||||
| Verapamil (482/1450) | 1.07 | 0.94 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.02 | 1.30 |
| Diltiazem (105/268) | 1.12 | 0.85 | 1.48 | 1.22 | 0.94 | 1.60 |
| Vessel‐active calcium receptor blockers | ||||||
| Amlodipine (1172/2949) | 1.12 | 1.03 | 1.21 | 1.09 | 0.99 | 1.19 |
| Felodipine (1411/4037) | 1.04 | 0.96 | 1.11 | 0.97 | 0.89 | 1.05 |
| Others (130/372) | 1.18 | 0.93 | 1.49 | 0.95 | 0.74 | 1.23 |
| ACE inhibitors | ||||||
| Enalapril (2922/7362) | 1.19 | 1.13 | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 1.26 |
| Ramipril (1273/2525) | 1.27 | 1.18 | 1.37 | 1.34 | 1.22 | 1.47 |
| Others (302/761) | 1.18 | 1.02 | 1.36 | 1.10 | 0.91 | 1.32 |
| ARBs | ||||||
| Losartan (833/1799) | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.40 | 1.23 | 1.11 | 1.36 |
| Candesartan (649/1764) | 1.10 | 0.98 | 1.23 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 1.25 |
| Others (557/1595) | 1.08 | 0.97 | 1.21 | 1.04 | 0.91 | 1.18 |
Abbreviations: ARBs, angiotensin receptor blocking agents; HR, hazards ratios; CI, confidence intervals.
a
Full adjusted model.
Bold values are statistically significant.