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State-space representation for outcome reversal: during the initial phase (left panel) the animal learns that action 1 (A1) earns outcome 1 (O1) and action 2 (A2) earns outcome 2 (O2). During reversal (right panel), the animal learns the reverse contingencies: A1–O2 and A2–O1. It is posited that the animal partitions the initial learning contingencies (A1–O1, A2–O2) and the reversed contingencies (A1–O2, A2–O1) into two states, state 1 (S1) and state 2 (S2), respectively.
