TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of all subjects with different levels of albuminuria
| Variables | Normal albuminuria（UACR ＜30 mg/g） | Microalbuminuria（UACR ≥ 30 mg/g, but < 300 mg/g） | Macroalbuminuria UACR ≥ 300 mg/g） | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low‐normal albuminuria (0‐6.35 mg/g) | High‐normal albuminuria (6.36‐30 mg/g) | ||||
| N | 580 | 581 | 162 | 20 | |
| Male, n(%) | 416 (71.72%) | 298 (51.29%) | 99 (61.11%) | 11（55%） | ＜.001 |
| Age, years | 57.81 ± 11.09 | 59.81 ± 11.96 a | 59.93 ± 13.14 | 60.53 ± 19.18 | .017 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.66 ± 2.95 | 24.69 ± 3.04 | 25.15 ± 3.26 a | 23.73 ± 2.9 | .202 |
| Smoking, n(%) | 198 (34.14%) | 144 (24.78%) | 53 (32.72%) | 4 (20%) | .003 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 326 (56.21%) | 401 (69.02%) | 138 (85.19%) | 19 (95%) | ＜.001 |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 146 (25.17%) | 179 (30.81%) | 58 (35.8%) | 12 (60%) | ＜.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 126.4 ± 14.83 | 133.6 ± 18.49 a | 143.16 ± 19.49 a | 157.53 ± 24.18 a | ＜.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 73.12 ± 10.43 | 73.5 ± 14.94 | 74.41 ± 20.35 | 80.71 ± 10.88 | .277 |
| HR, bpm | 66.29 ± 10.71 | 66.65 ± 11.95 | 68.94 ± 13.65 a | 66.38 ± 10.77 | .198 |
| cfPWV, m/s | 8.99 ± 1.81 | 9.38 ± 2.03 a | 10.09 ± 2.33 a | 12.58 ± 4.44 a | ＜.001 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 5.29 ± 1.29 | 5.29 ± 1.37 | 5.62 ± 1.45 a | 7.46 ± 5.88 a | ＜.001 |
| UA, μmol/L | 377.89 ± 85.62 | 357.96 ± 94.81 a | 358.48 ± 110.68 | 408.55 ± 101.04 a | ＜.001 |
| CREA, μmol/L | 69.49 ± 13.52 | 64.99 ± 16.29 a | 68.91 ± 19.18 b | 91.44 ± 40.39 b | ＜.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.6 ± 1.46 | 6.04 ± 2.02 a | 6.58 ± 2.51 a | 6.04 ± 1.86 | ＜.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.73 ± 1.14 | 4.78 ± 1.06 | 4.6 ± 1.05 | 4.97 ± 1.81 | .528 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.29 (0.91‐1.77) | 1.3 (0.96‐1.8) | 1.36 (0.98‐1.78) | 1.23 (1.08‐1.82) | .551 |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.24 ± 0.38 | 1.26 ± 0.34 | 1.22 ± 0.34 | 1.31 ± 0.44 | .844 |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.97 ± 0.98 | 2.98 ± 0.99 | 2.89 ± 0.95 | 3.09 ± 1.39 | .846 |
| GFR, mL/min | 110.78 ± 25.59 | 109.43 ± 25.22 | 103.52 ± 24.73 a | 80.57 ± 26.08 a | ＜.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.97 ± 1.2 | 6.19 ± 1.35 a | 6.53 ± 1.56 a | 7.41 ± 2.31 a | ＜.001 |
| UACR, mg/g | 4.4 (3.38‐5.21) | 11.09 (8.06‐16.16) a | 52.64 (37.7‐89.31) a | 744.81 (457.06‐2189.25) a | ＜.001 |
Data are expressed as means ± SD or median (25th–75th).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; cfPWV, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity; CREA, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; HR, heart rate; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; UA, uric acid; UACR, urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio.
a
P < .05 vs low‐normal albuminuria group.
b
P < .05 vs high‐normal albuminuria group.
c
P < .05 vs microalbuminuria group.