TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Sex (M/F) | Mean ± SD (or range where indicated) | CPAP duration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | |||
| RCT (CPAP group) | ||||||
| Arias et al (2008) a , 18 | 30/0 | 52 ± 13 | 30.5 ± 4.0 | 121.5 ± 11.4 | 74.5 ± 7.8 | 3 mo |
| Casitas et al (2017) a , 19 | 26/6 | 56 ± 11.2 | 29.2 ± 5.6 | 131.5 ± 12.0 | 78.8 ± 8.5 | 12 wk |
| Comondore et al (2008) a , 20 | 9/4 | 55 ± 7.1 | 31.1 | 138.4 | 83.8 | 4 wk |
| de Araújo et al (2013) 21 | 8 (Both) | 43 ± 12 | 28 ± 4 | 112 ± 12 | 67 ± 8 | 1 night |
| Drager et al (2007) 27 | 12/0 | 44 ± 7 | 29.9 ± 3.0 | 123 ± 12 | 73 ± 10 | 4 mo |
| Kohler et al (2008) 28 | 51/0 | 48.1 ± 9.5 | 35.8 ± 7.3 | 131.3 ± 13.9 | 83.9 ± 9.3 | 4 wk |
| Lam et al (2010) 22 | 31/0 | 46.5 ± 10.8 | 27.8 ± 3.7 | 130.8 ± 14.7 | 80.1 ± 10.8 | 4 wk |
| Mansfield et al (2004) 23 | 28/0 | 57.2 ± 9 | 33.5 ± 4.8 | 99 ± 15.9 b | 105 ± 15.9 b | 3 mo |
| Mills et al (2006) 24 | 15/2 | 47.6 ± 10.7 | 31.7 ± 5.8 | 155.2 ± 18.6 | 84.2 ± 10.7 | 2 wk |
| Phillips et al (2011) a , 25 | 35/3 | 49 ± 13 | 32.1 ± 4.3 | – | – | 2 mo |
| Rubinsztajn et al (2006) 29 | 15/0 | 50.6 ± 10.0 | 31.5 ± 6.3 | 130.1 ± 17.8 | 87.3 ± 13.5 | 8 mo |
| Ruzicka et al (2020) 30 | 7/0 | 59 (58‐67) c | 33 (31‐35) c | 140 (136‐165) c | 73 (66‐85) c | 6 wk |
| Ryan et al (2005) 26 | 9/1 | 57.6 ± 7 | 28.3 ± 4.1 | 120.7 ± 17.1 | 64.6 ± 9.5 | 1 mo |
| Thunstrom et al (2016) 31 | 15/9 | 58 ± 6.7 | 27.7 ± 3.2 | 164.9 ± 16.2 | 96.5 ± 10.9 | 6 wk |
| RCT (control group) | ||||||
| Arias et al (2008) a , 18 | 30/0 | 52 ± 13 | 30.5 ± 4.0 | 121.5 ± 11.4 | 74.5 ± 7.8 | 3 mo |
| Casitas et al (2017) a , 19 | 26/6 | 56 ± 11.2 | 29.2 ± 5.6 | 131.5 ± 12.0 | 78.8 ± 8.5 | 12 wk |
| Comondore et al (2009) a , 20 | 9/4 | 55 ± 7.1 | 31.1 | 138.4 | 83.8 | 4 wk |
| de Araújo et al (2013) 21 | 8 (Both) | 43 ± 12 | 28 ± 4 | 112 ± 12 | 67 ± 8 | 1 night |
| Drager et al (2007) 27 | 12/0 | 47 ± 6 | 29.7 ± 2.9 | 123 ± 12 | 73 ± 10 | 4 mo |
| Kohler et al (2008) 28 | 51/0 | 48.7 ± 10.6 | 34.5 ± 5.0 | 138.9 ± 20.8 | 88.3 ± 8.1 | 4 wk |
| Lam et al (2010) 22 | 30/0 | 46.1 ± 9.8 | 27.2 ± 3.7 | 129.5 ± 16.5 | 82.0 ± 11.6 | 4 wk |
| Mansfield et al (2004) 23 | 24/3 | 57.5 ± 8.3 | 34.6 ± 6.2 | 99 ± 15.9 b | 105 ± 15.9 | 3 mo |
| Mills et al (2006) 24 | 13/3 | 49 ± 10.4 | 32.2 ± 6.8 | 149 ± 23.2 | 83.6 ± 13.6 | 2 wk |
| Phillips et al (2011) a , 25 | 35/3 | 49 ± 13 | 32.1 ± 4.3 | – | – | 2 mo |
| Rubinsztajn et al (2006) 29 | 10/0 | 45.4 ± 16.5 | 27.6 ± 3.1 | 126.7 ± 12.3 | 84.2 ± 10.0 | 8 mo |
| Ruzicka et al (2020) 30 | 6/0 | 63 (55‐71) c | 34 (33‐36) c | 138 (127‐148) c | 71 (62‐81.5) c | 6 wk |
| Ryan et al (2005) 26 | 7/1 | 60.3 ± 11.6 | 35.1 ± 10.5 | 139 ± 15.6 | 69.9 ± 12.2 | 1 mo |
| Thunstrom et al (2016) 31 | 17/6 | 59 ± 3.7 | 27.6 ± 4.1 | 164.9 ± 16.2 | 96.5 ± 10.9 | 6 wk |
| Prospective cohort studies | ||||||
| Baruzzi et al (1991) 32 | 6/0 | 41.3 ± 12.9 | 36 ± 6 | – | – | 1 night |
| Bischof et al (2019) 57 | 18/0 | 55.8 ± 9.5 | 35.5 ± 3.8 | 133.2 ± 14.1 | 80.2 ± 10.6 | 6 mo |
| Bratel et al (1999) 33 | 16/0 | 51.3 ± 10.8 | 32.0 ± 5.6 | 143.8 ± 17.2 | 87.5 ± 10 | 7 mo |
| Burioka et al (2008) 58 | 8/0 | 45.9 ± 12.2 | 25.9 ± 1.7 | – | – | 3 mo |
| Castro‐Grattoni et al (2017) 34 | 48/12 | 52.3 ± 9.56 | 30.7 ± 4.2 | 122.7 ± 9.9 | 77.2 ± 7.7 | 6 mo |
| Donadio et al (2007) 45 | 10/0 | 50 ± 9.5 | 32 ± 6.3 | 144 ± 6.3 | 98 ± 3.2 | 6 mo |
| Feres et al (2014) 35 | 6/3 | 56.0 ± 15.6 | – | – | – | 1 y |
| Ferrier et al (2008) 36 | 16/3 | 58.5 ± 11.2 | 30.2 ± 6.7 | 132 ± 16 | 80 ± 9 | 6 mo |
| Grimpen et al (2000) 59 | 26/3 | 56.9 ± 8.6 | 29.5 ± 3.8 | 98.4 ± 2.7 b | 98.4 ± 2.7 b | 14 mo d |
| Heitmann et al (2000) 60 | 18 (Both) | 50.0 ± 10.4 | 29.7 ± 3.7 | 136.8 ± 15.7 | 84.9 ± 12.5 | 42 d d |
| Jennum et al (1989) 46 | 13/1 | 42 (36‐66) c | 26.13 ± 3.5 | 147.5 ± 5.2 | 122.4 ± 4.3 | 1 wk |
| Kita et al (1998) 37 | 12/2 | 53 ± 14.5 | 29.9 ± 4.9 | 127.6 ± 19.8 | 77.8 ± 11.6 | 1 night |
| Krieger et al (1989) 38 | 20/1 | 51 ± 10.1 | 32.0 ± 1.3 | – | – | 1 night |
| Lemmer et al (2016) 47 | 17/0 | 60.5 ± 8.1 | 35.0 ± 4.7 | 138 ± 15.2 | 83.3 ± 10.2 | 8 wk |
| Minemura et al (1998) 39 | 26/0 | 47.8 ± 11.1 | 30.6 ± 5.1 | 125 ± 15 | 80 ± 10.9 | 1 night |
| Mokhlesi et al (2017) 61 | 6/6 | 54.6 ± 10.2 | 37.7 ± 8.7 | – | – | 1 wk |
| Myhill et al (2012) 40 | 27/17 | 66.1 ± 8.8 | 33.6 ± 5.5 | 149 ± 23 | 80 ± 12 | 3 mo |
| Nakamura et al (2001) 62 | 18/0 | 49.9.3 | 29.9 ± 5.1 | 119.9 ± 16.1 | 84 ± 11.9 | 1 night |
| Nicholl et al (2018) 48 | 17/8 | 49 ± 10 | 33.5 ± 6.5 | 127 ± 10 | 79 ± 10 | 4 wk |
| Pinto et al (2013) 41 | 67/0 | 49.4 ± 8.8 | 31.8 ± 5.3 | 124.7 ± 12.6 | 77.8 ± 9.2 | 1 mo |
| Rodenstein et al (1992) 63 | 11/1 | 50.0 ± 9.0 | 36.9 ± 8.6 | – | – | 2‐3 nights |
| Sukegawa et al (2005) 42 | 17/0 | 53.1 ± 13.5 | 26.7 ± 4.8 | – | – | 1 night |
| Tachikawa et al (2016) 43 | 51/12 | 60.6 ± 10.0 | 27.9 ± 3.8 | – | – | 3 mo |
| Unterberg et al (2005) 44 | 9/1 | 61 (50‐69) c | 33 (27‐46) c | – | – | 3 nights |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; M/F, male/female; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SBP and DBP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
a
Crossover study.
b
Mean arterial pressure.
c
Range.
d
Mean values.