Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for total coronary heart disease associated with fifths of total, unprocessed, and processed red meat intake (n=43 272)
| Fifths of red meat intake | Hazard ratio (95% CI) per 1 serving/day | P for trend* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | |||
| Total red meat | |||||||
| Median servings/day | 0.21 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 1.14 | 1.72 | ||
| No of events/person years | 811/203 879 | 833/206 108 | 859/203 718 | 865/206 087 | 1087/204 079 | ||
| Age adjusted model† | 1 | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.27) | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.27) | 1.47 (1.34 to 1.61) | 1.20 (1.16 to 1.26) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1‡ | 1 | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.17) | 1.11 (1.00 to 1.23) | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.21) | 1.34 (1.21 to 1.49) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2§ | 1 | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.18) | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.23) | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.21) | 1.28 (1.14 to 1.45) | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.18) | <0.001 |
| Unprocessed red meat | |||||||
| Median servings/day | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.5 | 0.71 | 1.09 | ||
| No of events/person years | 847/205 918 | 876/199 361 | 840/207 111 | 877/201 942 | 1016/209 540 | ||
| Age adjusted model† | 1 | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.24) | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) | 1.17 (1.06 to 1.28) | 1.36 (1.24 to 1.49) | 1.27 (1.18 to 1.35) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1‡ | 1 | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.23) | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.23) | 1.24 (1.12 to 1.37) | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2§ | 1 | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.22) | 1.04 (0.94 to 1.16) | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.22) | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.32) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) | 0.01 |
| Processed red meat | |||||||
| Median servings/day | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 0.71 | ||
| No of events/person years | 889/224 469 | 734/181 661 | 883/211 353 | 843/201 440 | 1107/204 950 | ||
| Age adjusted model† | 1 | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.15) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.24) | 1.39 (1.27 to 1.52) | 1.32 (1.24 to 1.41) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1‡ | 1 | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.13) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.16) | 1.24 (1.12 to 1.36) | 1.20 (1.12 to 1.30) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2§ | 1 | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.19 (1.07 to 1.33) | 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) | 0.001 |
P value when each fifth was assigned the median value and treated as a continuous variable.
Adjusted for age and year of questionnaire return.
Adjusted for variables in age-adjusted model+race or ethnicity (white, black, Asian, other), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, never married), living arrangement (lives with family, lives alone, other), profession (dentist, pharmacist, optometrist, podiatrist, veterinarian), work status (full time, part time, retired), smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, current 1-14 cigarettes/d, current 15-24 cigarettes/d, current ≥25 cigarettes/d), physical activity(<3, 3-8.9, 9-17.9, 18-26.9, and ≥27 in metabolic equivalents of task/wk), body mass index;(<21, 21-22.9, 23-24.9, 25-26.9, 27-29.9, 30-32.9, 33-34.9, 35-39.9, ≥40), alcohol intake (0, 0.1-4.9, 5.0-9.9, 10-14.9, or ≥15.0 g/d), multivitamin use (yes, no), aspirin use (yes, no), family history of early coronary heart disease or stroke (diagnosis <60 years; yes, no), and total energy intake (fifths).
Adjusted for variables in model 1+intakes of poultry, fish, egg, high fat dairy, low fat dairy, nuts, legumes, soy, whole grains, fruit, vegetables, and coffee, and glycemic index.