Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study patients
| Characteristic | Total | Male | Female | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 152 | 44 (29%) | 108 (71%) | |
| Age | 58.1 ± 6.0 | 57.9 ± 7.2 | 58.2 ± 5.5 | 0.735 |
| HTN duration (years) | 9.7 ± 8.6 | 10.4 ± 9.1 | 9.5 ± 8.5 | 0.557 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 3.2 | 26.0 ± 2.1 | 26.0 ± 3.5 | 0.963 |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 24) | 86 (56.6%) | 30 (68%) | 56 (52%) | 0.173 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 28) | 36 (24%) | 8 (18%) | 28 (26%) | |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 128.8 ± 20.6 | 134.7 ± 15.6 | 126.5 ± 22.0 | 0.026 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 79.8 ± 13.4 | 84.9 ± 10.5 | 77.7 ± 14.0 | 0.003 |
| HR (beats/min) | 75.5 ± 13.3 | 78.5 ± 10.8 | 74.2 ± 14.1 | 0.074 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 0.003 |
| HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.001 |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 0.002 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 2.5 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.494 |
| Smoking | 28 (18.4%) | 24 (54.5%) | 4 (3.7%) | 0.000 |
| Drinking | 31 (29.4%) | 28 (63.6%) | 3 (2.8%) | 0.000 |
| CCB | 81(53.3%) | 27 (61%) | 54 (52%) | 0.290 |
| RAS inhibitors | 57 (37.5%) | 18 (41%) | 39 (37%) | 0.637 |
| DM | 28 (18.4%) | 7 (16%) | 21 (20%) | 0.589 |
| cfPWV (m/s) | 8.5 ± 1.7 | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 1.6 | 0.211 |
| Elevated cfPWV | 26 (17%) | 8 (18%) | 18 (17%) | 0.860 |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 80.4 ± 18.1 | 83.8 ± 22.6 | 79.1 ± 15.8 | 0.204 |
| LVH | 21 (14%) | 5 (11%) | 16 (15%) | 0.570 |
| LAAPDs (mm/s) | 37.5 ± 4.2 | 39.0 ± 4.6 | 36.8 ± 3.8 | 0.007 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 33.0 ± 7.6 | 33.2 ± 8.3 | 32.9 ± 7.4 | 0.815 |
| LAE | 61 (41%) | 19 (44%) | 42 (39%) | 0.579 |
| E/e' | 9.0 ± 2.5 | 8.3 ± 2.3 | 9.3 ± 2.5 | 0.027 |
BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium channel blocker; cfPWV, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; E/e', average mitral‐to‐peak early diastolic annular ratio; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; LAAPDs, end‐systolic left atrial anteroposterior dimension; LAE, left atrial enlargement; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; RAS, renin‐angiotensin system; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.