Table 1.
Characteristics of study populations
| Brazil_a | Brazil_b | China | Korea | New Zealand | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 746) | Boys (n = 416) | Girls (n = 330) | Total (n = 280) | Boys (n = 127) | Girls (n = 153) | Total (n = 537) | Boys (n = 287) | Girls (n = 250) | Total (n = 593) | Boys (n = 439) | Girls (n = 154) | Total (n = 390) | Boys (n = 191) | Girls (n = 199) | |
| Age, y | 11.9 (2.7) | 11.8 (2.6) | 11.9 (2.8) | 10.7 (2.0) | 10.8 (2.0) | 10.6 (1.9) | 12.1 (3.3) | 12.2 (3.3) | 12.1 (3.4) | 13.7 (0.9) | 13.7 (0.9) | 13.7 (0.8) | 10.2 (0.6) | 10.2 (0.6) | 10.3 (0.7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 19.3 (3.9) | 19.0 (3.7) | 19.6 (4.0) | 19.5 (4.3) | 19.3 (4.2) | 19.6 (4.3) | 19.5 (4.2) | 20.0 (4.5) | 19.0 (3.7) | 21.4 (3.6) | 21.7 (3.8) | 20.4 (2.7) | 18.0 (3.0) | 18.0 (2.9) | 18.1 (3.1) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 104.5 (9.0) | 105.6 (9.4) | 103.2 (8.2) | 105.2 (8.0) | 106.4 (8.3) | 104.2 (7.6) | 114.1 (12.8) | 117.0 (13.5) | 110.8 (11.2) | 118.4 (13.8) | 120.9 (13.7) | 111.1 (11.5) | 111.1 (9.6) | 111.4 (8.9) | 110.9 (10.1) |
| DBP, mm Hg | 62.1 (6.7) | 61.6 (7.0) | 62.6 (6.3) | 64.6 (5.9) | 64.4 (5.9) | 64.7 (5.9) | 68.8 (8.9) | 68.7 (9.3) | 68.9 (8.4) | 61.6 (7.7) | 61.9 (7.9) | 60.7 (7.1) | 68.3 (6.4) | 68.9 (6.5) | 67.8 (6.2) |
| Overweight, % | 18.0 | 14.7 | 22.1 | 20.4 | 19.7 | 20.9 | 17.0 | 18.5 | 15.2 | 28.3 | 31.4 | 19.5 | 13.9 | 14.7 | 13.1 |
| Obese, % | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 14.4 | 8.2 | 13.2 | 2.4 | 6.4 | 8.4 | 0.7 | 5.9 | 4.2 | 7.5 |
| Percentile‐based cut‐points | |||||||||||||||
| Elevated BP, % | 6.4 | 8.4 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 14.5 | 17.1 | 11.6 | 17.4 | 20.3 | 9.1 | 15.1 | 17.8 | 12.6 |
| Hypertension, % | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 6.5 | 29.1 | 34.8 | 22.4 | 23.1 | 27.8 | 9.7 | 23.3 | 23.6 | 23.1 |
| Static BP cut‐points | |||||||||||||||
| Elevated BP, % | 15.3 | 17.6 | 12.4 | 21.1 | 24.4 | 18.3 | 25.7 | 27.5 | 23.6 | 27.3 | 29.6 | 20.8 | 42.6 | 47.6 | 37.7 |
| Hypertension, % | 3.1 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 22.2 | 28.2 | 15.2 | 22.4 | 27.1 | 9.1 | 15.9 | 14.1 | 17.6 |
| PWV, m/s | 5.63 (0.91) | 5.66 (1.00) | 5.59 (0.78) | 5.49 (0.74) | 5.49 (0.81) | 5.49 (0.68) | 8.60 (1.26) | 8.68 (1.29) | 8.50 (1.23) | 9.42 (1.04) | 9.42 (1.04) | 9.43 (1.03) | 5.77 (0.79) | 5.84 (0.78) | 5.71 (0.80) |
Brazil_a, Estação Conhecimento study in Brazil; Brazil_b, Public School study in Brazil.
Continuous variables are expressed as mean (SD) and categorical variables as percentage.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference.