Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study population
| NT | UTHT | CHT | UCHT | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 441 | 174 | 62 | 63 | |
| Age (y) | 45.9 ± 10.3a | 49.8 ± 8.9b | 57.3 ± 8.0c | 53.9 ± 8.0c | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 121 (27.4) | 118 (67.8) | 26 (41.9)c | 39 (61.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 2.8a | 24.6 ± 3.0b | 25.0 ± 3.3b | 26.3 ± 3.2c | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 14 (3.2) | 21 (12.1) | 12 (19.4) | 9 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| No. of antihypertensive medications | |||||
| Average, n | 1.51 | 1.67 | |||
| 1, n | 31 | 27 | 0.515 | ||
| 2, n | 27 | 28 | |||
| 3, n | 2 | 6 | |||
| 4, n | 1 | 1 | |||
| Antihypertensive medications | |||||
| Calcium channel blocker, n | 32 | 32 | |||
| Angiotensin receptor blockers, n | 36 | 38 | |||
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, n | 2 | 3 | |||
| Beta blockers, n | 6 | 10 | |||
| Diuretics, n | 18 | 21 | |||
| Alpha blockers, n | 1 | 0 | |||
| 24‐h SBP, mm Hg | 110.6 ± 7.5a | 126.7 ± 9.0b | 114.4 ± 7.1c | 125.9 ± 7.1b | <0.001 |
| 24‐h DBP, mm Hg | 70.3 ± 6.3a | 87.1 ± 6.0b | 72.0 ± 5.2a | 86.7 ± 5.2b | <0.001 |
| Serum Na (mmol/dL) | 141.2 ± 2.4 | 141.1 ± 2.3 | 141.7 ± 2.3 | 141.3 ± 2.5 | 0.345 |
| Serum K (mmol/dL) | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 0.278 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.74 ± 0.14 | 0.82 ± 0.16 | 0.82 ± 0.22 | 0.86 ± 0.18 | <0.001 |
| 24‐h urine creatine (mg/24h) | 1191.3 ± 434.8a | 1376.1 ± 372.8b | 1189.6 ± 337.2a | 1426.6 ± 321.2b | <0.001 |
| 24‐h urine volume (mL) | 1489.6 ± 592.1 | 1565.2 ± 572.3 | 1535.8 ± 572.7 | 1691.5 ± 659.1 | 0.062 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 95.8 ± 16.7a | 93.6 ± 15.6a | 86.4 ± 16.1b | 86.6 ± 14.7b | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 193.7 ± 34.5a,b | 203.7 ± 36.7a | 192.9 ± 37.3a,b | 186.9 ± 35.3b | 0.002 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 119.3 ± 31.7a,b | 127.2 ± 32.8a | 117.3 ± 35.7a,b | 112.9 ± 31.0 | 0.007 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 59.2 ± 14.9a | 52.1 ± 14.3b | 54.8 ± 14.1a,b | 49.8 ± 13.9b | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 108.1 ± 69.6a | 165.4 ± 109.0b,c | 147.8 ± 87.9b | 184.8 ± 196.0c | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 93.7 ± 15.0a | 103.4 ± 27.5b | 103.5 ± 18.8b | 108.4 ± 28.8b | <0.001 |
Different alphabets represent significant difference between groups at alpha level of 0.05 by post hoc Tukey HSD analysis.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHT, controlled hypertension group; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; K, potassium; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; Na, sodium; NT, normotensives group; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UCHT, uncontrolled hypertension group; UTHT, untreated hypertension group.
*
P values obtained by analysis of variance or chi‐square test for difference between four groups.