Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression models of the joint effect of HTN and HHcy on CKD and its components
| Non‐HTN | HTN | ORs (95% CI) for HTN within strata of HHcy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N cases/non‐cases | OR (95% CI) | N cases/non‐cases | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Crude model | |||||
| CKD | |||||
| Normal Hcy | 652/7515 | 1 | 1034/2781 | 3.808 (3.271, 4.434), P < .001 | 3.808 (3.271, 4.434), P < .001 |
| Hhcy | 177/423 | 3.429 (2.571, 4.575), P < .001 | 662/449 | 14.328 (11.588, 17.715), P < .001 | 4.178 (3.191, 5.470), P < .001 |
| ORs (95% CI) for HHcy within strata of HTN | 3.429 (2.571, 4.575), P < .001 | 3.762 (3.039, 4.658), P < .001 | |||
| Reduced eGFR | |||||
| Normal Hcy | 130/8037 | 1 | 412/3403 | 7.639 (6.217, 9.386), P < .001 | 7.639 (6.217, 9.386), P < .001 |
| Hhcy | 124/476 | 11.235 (7.650, 16.500), P < .001 | 516/595 | 53.387 (39.841, 71.539), P < .001 | 4.752 (3.722, 6.066), P < .001 |
| ORs (95% CI) for HHcy within strata of HTN | 11.235 (7.650, 16.500), P < .001 | 6.989 (5.475, 8.921), P < .001 | |||
| Albuminuria | |||||
| Normal Hcy | 537/7630 | 1 | 738/3077 | 2.983 (2.507, 3.548), P < .001 | 2.983 (2.507, 3.548), P < .001 |
| Hhcy | 90/510 | 1.944 (1.378, 2.741), P < .001 | 387/724 | 6.520 (5.267, 8.070), P < .001 | 3.354 (2.361, 4.764), P < .001 |
| ORs (95% CI) for HHcy within strata of HTN | 1.944 (1.378, 2.741), P < .001 | 2.186 (1.734, 2.756), P < .001 | |||
| Multivariate adjusted model | |||||
| CKD | |||||
| Normal Hcy | 652/7515 | 1 | 1034/2781 | 1.594 (1.363‐1.865), P < .001 | 1.767 (1.507‐2.072), P < .001 |
| Hhcy | 177/423 | 2.731 (1.772‐3.174), P < .001 | 662/449 | 5.072 (3.967‐6.486), P < .001 | 1.652 (1.182‐2.308), P = .004 |
| ORs (95% CI) for HHcy within strata of HTN | 2.492 (1.879‐3.305), P < .001 | 3.108 (2.437‐3.964), P < .001 | |||
| Reduced eGFR | |||||
| Normal Hcy | 130/8037 | 1 | 412/3403 | 1.512 (1.166‐1.962), P = .002 | 1.465 (1.110‐1.934), P = .008 |
| Hhcy | 124/476 | 5.180 (3.391‐7.911), P < .001 | 516/595 | 10.329 (7.363‐14.491), P < .001 | 1.993 (1.423‐2.790), P < .001 |
| ORs (95% CI) for HHcy within strata of HTN | 5.187 (3.244‐8.292), P < .001 | 6.571 (4.905‐8.803), P < .001 | |||
| Albuminuria | |||||
| Normal Hcy | 537/7630 | 1 | 738/3077 | 1.844 (1.532‐2.219), P < .001 | 1.916 (1.590‐2.309), P < .001 |
| Hhcy | 90/510 | 1.590 (1.137‐2.224), P = .008 | 387/724 | 3.452 (2.589‐4.601), P < .001 | 2.052 (1.415‐2.976), P < .001 |
| ORs (95% CI) for HHcy within strata of HTN | 1.654 (1.176‐2.325), P = .005 | 1.773 (1.351‐2.326), P < .001 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence intervals; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration ratio; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia; HTN, hypertension. PIR, poverty‐to‐income ratio; TC, total cholesterol; WC, waist circumference.
Crude model: no adjustment; multivariate adjusted model: adjusted by age, sex, race, education level, PIR, physical activity, drinking frequency, current smoking status, TC, HDL‐C, serum folate, vitamin B12, BMI, WC, and DM.