Table 1.
Predisposing, enabling, and need determinants of HC patients with hypertension
| Sample size | Total |
Non‐Hispanic White |
Hispanic/Latino |
Non‐Hispanic African American |
Non‐Hispanic Asian American | Non‐Hispanic American Indian, Alaska Native (AIAN) |
Non‐Hispanic Other (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2365 (Weighted n = 6 137 783) | 633 (27%) | 630 (27%) | 689 (29%) | 128 (5%) | 228 (10%) | 57 (2%) | |
| Predisposing determinants | |||||||
| Age | |||||||
| 18‐44 y | 31% | 29% | 34% | 34% | 6% | 19% | 34% |
| 45‐64 y | 52% | 51% | 47% | 56% | 64% | 60% | 56% |
| 65+ y | 17% | 19% | 19% | 10% | 30% | 21% | 10% |
| Male (vs female) | 46% | 46% | 49% | 44% | 36% | 41% | 62% |
| US born (vs not) | 87% | 98% | 42% | 92% | 14% | 82% | 94% |
| High school graduate (vs less) | 66% | 73% | 44% | 64% | 57% | 56% | 64% |
| Employed (vs not) | 31% | 29% | 34% | 38% | 28% | 20% | 10% |
| Enabling determinants | |||||||
| Currently insured (vs not) | 75% | 75% | 74% | 74% | 80% | 79% | 99% |
| Unmet medical need in past year (vs not) | 10% | 11% | 11% | 6% | 1% | 16% | 1% |
| Delayed medical care in past year (vs not) | 13% | 14% | 12% | 8% | 8% | 15% | 10% |
| Need determinants | |||||||
| Self‐reported fair/poor health status (vs good, very good, excellent) | 55% | 53% | 58% | 57% | 75% | 59% | 40% |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 54% | 55% | 62% | 48% | 52% | 52% | 45% |
| Diabetes | 37% | 38% | 38% | 35% | 42% | 45% | 13% |
| Cardiovascular disease | 21% | 27% | 14% | 9% | 3% | 21% | 54% |
| Body mass index/BMI | |||||||
| Normal or underweight (BMI 0‐24.99) | 12% | 12% | 13% | 11% | 55% | 16% | 2% |
| Overweight (BMI 25.0‐29.99) | 24% | 23% | 20% | 32% | 36% | 12% | 42% |
| Obese (BMI 30.0 or higher) | 64% | 65% | 67% | 56% | 9% | 71% | 57% |
| Current smoker (vs not) | 29% | 35% | 15% | 24% | 7% | 28% | 56% |
| Dependent variables | |||||||
| Received hypertension management counseling (n = 2365) | |||||||
| Diet change | 60% | 57% | 67% | 66% | 67% | 65% | 51% |
| Reduce sodium intake | 77% | 75% | 75% | 83% | 79% | 67% | 70% |
| Increase exercise | 76% | 77% | 68% | 77% | 87% | 76% | 75% |
| Reduce alcohol consumption | 34% | 29% | 45% | 36% | 55% | 27% | 43% |
| Received hypertension management plan (n = 2365) | 39% | 37% | 34% | 48% | 33% | 30% | 52% |
| Adhered to hypertension management counseling | |||||||
| Diet change (n = 1481) | 87% | 89% | 85% | 83% | 98% | 80% | 90% |
| Reduce sodium intake (n = 1822) | 95% | 95% | 96% | 95% | 99% | 90% | 99% |
| Increase exercise (n = 1724) | 78% | 74% | 78% | 87% | 97% | 77% | 98% |
| Reduce alcohol consumption (n = 928) | 95% | 95% | 95% | 94% | 100% | 95% | 100% |
| Takes medication to control hypertension (n = 2365) | 84% | 88% | 79% | 77% | 87% | 79% | 81% |
| Reported being very confident in hypertension self‐management vs less or not confident (n = 2365) | 66% | 68% | 65% | 62% | 60% | 56% | 53% |
| Had high blood pressure at last clinical visit (n = 2365) | 53% | 58% | 47% | 44% | 35% | 45% | 54% |
| Had ED visit or was hospitalized last year due to hypertension (n = 2365) | 10% | 6% | 12% | 19% | 7% | 17% | 1% |
BMI, body mass index; ED, emergency department.