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. 2019 Mar 12;21(4):489–498. doi: 10.1111/jch.13504

Table 3.

Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with adherence to hypertension management counseling and medication

  Diet change Reduce sodium Exercise Reduce alcohol Take medication to control hypertension
Sample size (n = 1425) (n = 1750) (n = 1663) (n = 890) (n = 2275)
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Race/ethnicity (ref: non‐Hispanic White)
Hispanic/Latino 1.64 (0.57,4.69) 0.96 (0.29,3.20) 1.32 (0.64,2.72) 1.55 (0.29,8.25) 0.62 (0.30,1.29)
Non‐Hispanic African American 1.13 (0.54,2.38) 1.81 (0.83,3.93) 3.52*** (1.92,6.46) 1.04 (0.27,4.02) 1.46 (0.76,2.81)
Non‐Hispanic Asian American 0.76 (0.14,4.10) 2.93* (1.13,7.55) 1.02 (0.30,3.52)
Non‐Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native 0.82 (0.29,2.34) 0.59 (0.14,2.42) 2.11 (0.89,5.00) 0.84 (0.17,4.21) 0.50* (0.25,0.98)
Non‐Hispanic other 1.23 (0.28,5.42) 3.56 (0.59,21.52) 8.97** (2.02,39.92) 0.74 (0.14,4.03)
Predisposing determinants
Age (ref: 18‐44)
45‐64 y 1.74 (0.93,3.25) 0.75 (0.36,1.56) 0.81 (0.44,1.53) 1.14 (0.29,4.55) 4.92*** (2.75,8.79)
65+ y 2.59 (0.89,7.60) 0.81 (0.23,2.87) 1.04 (0.42,2.57) 1.21 (0.08,17.61) 10.41*** (4.72,22.95)
Male (vs female) 1.32 (0.72,2.40) 0.93 (0.45,1.92) 1.21 (0.79,1.86) 0.92 (0.28,3.01) 1.19 (0.81,1.74)
US born (vs not) 1.72 (0.59,5.03) 0.22* (0.06,0.83) 0.83 (0.42,1.66) 1.76 (0.40,7.85) 0.43** (0.23,0.82)
High school graduate (vs less) 0.76 (0.39,1.48) 0.88 (0.42,1.86) 0.73 (0.44,1.21) 0.64 (0.18,2.32) 0.87 (0.56,1.34)
Employed (vs not) 1.83 (0.94,3.56) 0.58 (0.29,1.17) 0.75 (0.48,1.15) 1.29 (0.47,3.50) 1.11 (0.74,1.65)
Enabling determinants
Currently insured (vs not) 0.90 (0.43,1.88) 0.63 (0.21,1.91) 1.31 (0.76,2.25) 0.54 (0.16,1.85) 1.10 (0.65,1.86)
Unmet medical need in past year (vs not) 1.16 (0.37,3.64) 1.48 (0.35,6.20) 0.83 (0.35,1.97) 2.88 (0.66,12.58) 0.61 (0.32,1.17)
Delayed medical care in past year (vs not) 1.09 (0.47,2.55) 0.38** (0.19,0.79) 1.51 (0.70,3.25) 5.92* (1.41,24.93) 0.58 (0.24,1.41)
Need determinants
Self‐reported fair/poor health status (vs better) 1.23 (0.70,2.15) 0.73 (0.30,1.76) 0.34*** (0.20,0.56) 0.65 (0.18,2.27) 1.45 (0.81,2.58)
Hypercholesterolemia 0.62 (0.38,1.04) 1.04 (0.56,1.95) 0.78 (0.51,1.17) 1.02 (0.34,3.01) 1.25 (0.77,2.02)
Diabetes 1.85* (1.01,3.41) 0.83 (0.41,1.67) 1.25 (0.78,1.99) 0.76 (0.26,2.20) 1.69 (0.93,3.07)
Cardiovascular disease 0.32*** (0.18,0.55) 3.37* (1.32,8.59) 0.84 (0.48,1.49) 1.12 (0.29,4.30) 1.14 (0.61,2.13)
Body mass index (ref: BMI 0‐24.99)
Overweight (BMI 25.0‐29.99) 1.69 (0.72,3.99) 2.33 (0.99,5.50) 0.48 (0.21,1.12) 1.56 (0.36,6.65) 2.24** (1.22,4.11)
Obese (BMI 30.0 or higher) 2.40* (1.00,5.74) 2.16 (0.89,5.20) 0.56 (0.25,1.25) 5.58** (1.52,20.57) 3.83*** (2.30,6.38)
Current smoker 1.07 (0.60,1.89) 0.48 (0.23,1.02) 0.58* (0.34,0.97) 0.88 (0.25,3.09) 0.72 (0.47,1.11)

–, Indicated every patient in this category reported positively to adhering to these provider recommendations.

BMI, body mass index.

*P < 0.05.

**P < 0.01.

***P < 0.001.