Table 3.
Factors associated with high blood pressure among adolescents and young people
| Factors |
High BP N (%) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Model 1 OR (95% CI) |
Model 2 OR (95% CI) |
Model 3 OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall prevalence | 1596 (40) | ||||
| Demographic factors | |||||
| Country | |||||
| Uganda | 705 (37) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tanzania | 891 (41) | 1.19 (0.97, 1.46) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.07) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.04) | 1.04 (0.69, 1.56) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 731 (28) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 865 (49) | 2.41 (1.95, 2.96) | 2.29 (1.86, 2.83) | 2.30 (1.89, 2.85) | 3.22 (2.35, 4.41) |
| Age in years | |||||
| 12‐14 | 155 (30) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 15‐17 | 672 (37) | 1.41 (0.97, 2.06) | 1.36 (0.91, 2.03) | 1.32 (0.88, 1.98) | 1.97 (1.13, 3.33) |
| 18‐20 | 393 (39) | 1.53 (1.02, 2.28) | 1.42 (0.93, 2.16) | 1.44 (0.95, 2.20) | 2.22 (1.22, 4.02) |
| 21‐24 | 376 (48) | 2.18 (1.46, 3.25) | 2.16 (1.36, 3.48) | 2.24 (1.36, 3.68) | 2.64 (1.30, 5.35) |
| Religion | |||||
| Muslim | 317 (44) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Christians | 1279 (38) | 0.79 (0.61, 1.01) | 0.75 (0.58, 0.98) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.97) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.92) |
| Socioeconomic factors | |||||
| Monthly income given (USD) | |||||
| 0 (None) | 166 (46) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| <20 | 986 (37) | 0.69 (0.50, 0.97) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.08) | 0.68 (0.39, 1.18) | |
| ≥20 | 439 (42) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.18) | 0.72 (0.49, 1.06) | 0.74 (0.42, 1.32) | |
| Economic items owned | |||||
| No car/refrigerator/house for rent | 375 (39) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Car and either refrigerator/house for rent | 707 (40) | 1.04 (0.80, 1.34) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.23) | 1.34 (0.89, 2.03) | |
| Refrigerator and house for rent only | 401 (39) | 1.03 (0.77, 1.38) | 0.99 (0.73, 1.34) | 1.36 (0.89, 2.09) | |
| House for rent only | 113 (42) | 1.17 (0.76, 1.79) | 1.24 (0.80, 1.93) | 1.50 (0.81, 2.80) | |
| Behavioral factors | |||||
| Work‐related activity after study hours | |||||
| Manual work | 704 (38) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Relaxing/watching TV | 887 (41) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.38) | 0.76 (0.54, 1.06) | ||
| Eating at least 1 serving of fruits/vegetables day | |||||
| No | 497 (41) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 537 (36) | 0.79 (0.61, 1.01) | 0.73 (0.54, 0.98) | ||
| Addition of more salt to food | |||||
| No | 785 (42) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 810 (38) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.04) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.49) | ||
| Number of sugar teaspoon added to your cup of tea or drinks/day | |||||
| 0 | 57 (37) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≤2 | 700 (41) | 0.67, 2.06) | 1.01 (0.49, 2.08) | ||
| >2 | 605 (39) | 1.07 (0.61, 1.88) | 0.88 (0.41, 1.88) | ||
| Alcohol drinking | |||||
| Never drinkers | 1201 (39) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Current drinkers | 204 (39) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.37) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.28) | ||
| Past drinkers | 191 (44) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.68) | 1.24 (0.78, 1.99) | ||
| Anthropometric | |||||
| Body Mass Index (BMI)a | |||||
| Normal | 1262 (39) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Underweight | 138 (33) | 0.77 (0.53, 1.12) | 0.91 (0.55, 1.51) | ||
| Overweight | 158 (42) | 1.11 (0.79, 1.55) | 1.70 (1.02, 2.83) | ||
| Obese | 37 (62) | 2.54 (1.29, 4.98) | 6.66 (2.21, 20.02) | ||
Model 1‐Adjusted for sociodemographic factors
Model 2‐Adjusted for sociodemographic and economic factors
Model 3‐Adjusted for sociodemographic, economic factors, behavioral factors, and anthropometric (BMI)
a
BMI—Participants aged below 18 years, the World Health Organization's BMI for age Z‐scores was used whereas for participants aged 18 years and above, adult cutoff points were used.