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. 2019 Nov 25;21(12):1879–1894. doi: 10.1111/jch.13737

Table 1.

The genotypic and allelic distribution of MTHFR C677T for case and control

First author Year Country Ethnicity Children/adults Diagnose Genotype distribution Allele frequency P‐value HWE Number of cases/controls
Cases Controls Cases Controls
SBP DBP CC CT TT CC CT TT C T C T
Nishio22 1996 Japan Asian Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 29 44 9 16 26 5 102 62 58 36 .24 82/47
Nakata23 1998 Japan Asian Adults >160 mm Hg >95 mm Hg 63 91 19 65 83 36 217 129 213 155 .31 173/184
Powers24 1999 United States American Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 46 58 18 54 46 14 150 94 154 74 .39 122/114
Zusterzeel29 2000 Netherlands White Adults — ≥90 mm Hg 32 33 11 205 162 36 97 55 572 234 .62 76/403
Zhan28 2000 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 44 68 15 62 84 24 156 98 208 132 .60 127/170
Rajkovic27 2000 United States American Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 142 28 1 151 32 0 312 30 334 32 .19 171/183
Li26 2000 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 14 31 17 46 32 12 59 65 124 56 .11 62/90
Kobashi25 2000 Japan Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 64 98 22 83 99 33 226 142 265 165 .70 184/215
Benes30 2001 Czech White Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 73 93 27 86 106 17 239 147 278 140 .05 193/209
Kahleova31 2002 Czech White Children and Adolescents ≥90a — 82 55 27 86 69 18 219 109 241 105 .46 164/173
Wang32 2002 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 17 51 37 14 23 9 85 125 51 41 .94 105/46
Rodriguez‐Esparragon33 2003 Spain White Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 83 115 34 95 100 20 281 183 290 140 .39 232/215
Sun34 2003 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 6 22 27 14 23 9 34 76 51 41 .94 55/46
Yilmaz35 2004 Turkey White Adults >140 mm Hg >110 mm Hg 29 28 7 24 17 6 86 42 65 29 .30 64/47
Heux9 2004 Australia White Adults >140 mm Hg >95 mm Hg 87 125 35 105 119 25 299 195 329 169 .30 247/249
Frederiksen17 2004 Denmark White Adults — — 576 555 136 3853 3406 712 1707 827 11 112 4830 .30 1267/7971
Cesari36 2005 Italy White Adults — — 40 39 11 42 38 10 119 61 122 58 .75 90/90
Liu37 2005 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 29 45 26 31 50 19 103 97 112 88 .88 100/100
Lwin42 2006 Japan Asian Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 39 58 18 64 117 38 136 94 245 193 .22 115/219
Li41 2006 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 18 6 2 21 7 2 42 10 49 11 .23 26/30
Hu39 2006 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 55 39 16 61 42 12 149 71 164 66 .25 110/115
Kalita40 2006 India Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 18 7 3 21 9 2 43 13 51 13 .46 28/32
Demir38 2006 Turkey White Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 33 53 14 43 47 12 119 81 133 71 .88 100/102
Nagy46 2007 Hungary White Adults >160 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 49 43 9 32 35 6 141 61 99 47 .40 101/73
Markan45 2007 India Asian Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 105 40 8 105 28 0 250 56 238 28 .17 153/133
Marinho44 2007 Portugal White Adults — — 15 49 0 57 67 4 79 49 181 75 2.87 × 10—3 64/128
Hui43 2007 Japan Asian Adults >160 mm Hg >100 mm Hg 83 129 49 104 123 44 295 227 331 211 .45 261/271
Xing47 2007 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 202 300 184 182 222 105 704 668 586 432 .02 686/509
Soares51 2008 Brazil American Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 13 15 2 9 5 2 41 19 23 9 .36 30/16
Lin50 2008 China Asian Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 19 27 4 73 44 6 65 35 190 56 .85 50/123
Ilhan49 2008 Turkey White Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 36 32 10 72 26 2 104 52 170 30 .84 78/100
Fridman48 2008 Argentina American Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 15 21 4 39 38 9 51 29 116 56 .95 40/86
Canto10 2008 Mexico White Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 36 66 23 61 131 82 138 112 253 295 .53 125/274
Ng11 2009 Australia White Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 14 14 10 40 32 8 42 34 112 48 .67 38/80
Fakhrzadeh53 2009 Iran Asian Adults ≥160 mm Hg ≥95 mm Hg 99 44 17 36 31 9 242 78 103 49 .56 160/76
Deshmukh52 2009 United States American Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 22 16 4 52 48 18 60 24 152 84 .22 42/118
Liu54 2011 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 58 70 27 74 47 19 186 124 195 85 .01 155/140
Fowdar55 2012 Australia White Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 170 174 33 175 183 35 514 240 533 253 .19 377/393
Zhang57 2012 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 128 53 8 117 41 7 309 69 275 55 .18 189/165
Yin56 2012 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 244 358 68 322 309 51 846 494 953 411 .05 670/682
Fridman58 2013 Argentina American Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 29 40 6 71 64 15 98 52 206 94 .92 75/150
Yao59 2013 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 32 69 49 61 67 22 133 167 189 111 .61 150/150
Cai60 2014 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 39 99 62 61 89 50 177 223 211 189 .13 200/200
Husemoen61 2014 Denmark White Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 2231 2012 451 3790 3208 699 6474 2914 10 788 4606 .59 4694/7697
Vazquez‐Alaniz62 2014 Mexico American Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 62 93 39 54 97 43 217 171 205 183 .96 194/194
Wen68 2015 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 45 53 76 258 291 85 143 205 807 461 .84 174/634
Perez‐Razo(Adults)65 2015 Mexico American Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 112 174 87 90 200 101 398 348 380 402 .64 373/391
Perez‐Razo(Children)65 2015 Mexico American Children and Adolescents ≥95thb — 34 98 67 35 108 56 166 232 178 220 .17 199/199
Wei67 2015 Malaysia Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 143 82 21 260 78 10 368 124 598 98 .17 246/348
Nassereddine64 2015 Morocco African Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 47 40 14 54 45 3 134 68 153 51 .07 101/102
Bayramoglu63 2015 Turkey White Adults >140 mm Hg >90 mm Hg 65 38 22 56 38 5 168 82 150 48 .65 125/99
Wang66 2015 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 96 60 34 144 91 52 252 128 379 195 6.78 × 10−7 190/287
Fan70 2016 China Asian Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 37 102 75 119 234 141 176 252 472 516 .26 214/494
Amrani‐Midoun69 2016 Algerian African Adults ≥140 mm Hg ≥90 mm Hg 37 36 9 44 25 3 110 54 113 31 .81 82/72
Dwivedi71 2017 India Asian Adults — — 71 24 5 184 34 5 166 34 402 44 .03 100/223
Rios72 2017 Brazil American Adults ≥160 mm Hg ≥110 mm Hg 13 29 54 20 20 45 55 137 60 110 7.82 × 10−6 96/85
Arina73 2019 Indonesia Asian Adults — — 32 16 5 43 10 0 80 26 96 10 .45 53/53

The P‐value for HWE testing for controls is shown.

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HWE, Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium test; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

a

According to developmental distribution tables and curves: “Anonymous: Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents.”

b

According to the criteria: “The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.”